AMYGDALA: SEX DIFFERENCES IN BEHAVIOR, COGNITION NEUROENDOCRINE DEVELOPMENT

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 该项目调查了生活在复杂的半自然社会群体中的恒河猴在新生儿和青春期杏仁核摘除后的社会、情感、认知和神经内分泌后果方面的性别差异。与之前研究中严格的社会限制条件不同，我们的大型猴子群体有多个母系，所有年龄和性别类别都允许在它可能旨在应对的社会条件下研究杏仁核功能。 该项目跟踪这些系统的发展，并将青少年功能的变化与青春期过渡和成人社会行为联系起来。48只猴子，分布在8只雄性和8只雌性对照组之间，每性别8只新生儿杏仁核切除，每性别8名青春期后受损的受试者，将在两个每年24只的队列中被创造出来。将评估新生儿的性腺功能、焦虑、恐惧和母性依恋，并广泛观察受试者出生后四年内的社会互动。在两年内，认知持续可用的计算机服务亭将用于评估物体和空间记忆广度以及物体辨别能力。在2岁时，将对女性进行密集抽样，以评估青春期时机以及青春期社会和性行为的变化。据推测，不同的男性和女性出生的社会环境，加上杏仁核功能的性别分化性质，将产生不同程度的杏仁核损伤，男性比女性受到的影响更严重。在资助的第一年，6名手术对照组和5名(4名男性，1名女性)杏仁核切除受试者被创建。 每周对这些受试者的行为、新生儿模仿和LabTab表现进行重点观察。在这个出生季节结束之前，样本数量将不足以进行数据分析，届时将创建额外的受试者。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. This project investigates sex differences in the social, emotional, cognitive and neuroendocrine consequences of neonatal and post-pubertal amygdalectomy in rhesus monkeys living in complex semi-natural social groups. Unlike the severely socially restricted conditions of previous studies, our large monkey groups have multiple matrilines and all age and sex classes allowing investigating amygdala function under social conditions it is likely designed to deal with. This project tracks the development of these systems and relates changes in juvenile function to the pubertal transition and adult social behavior. Forty-eight monkeys, distributed between 8 male and 8 female controls, 8 neonatally amygdalectomized of each sex, and 8 post-pubertally lesioned subjects of each sex, will be created in two annual cohorts of 24. Neonatal gonadal function, anxiety, fear, and maternal attachment will be assessed along with extensive observations of social interactions in the subjects' natal group during the first four years of life. At 2yr, cognitive continuously available computer kiosks will be used to assess object and spatial memory span and object discrimination. At 2yr females will be intensely sampled to assess pubertal timing as well as pubertal changes in social and sexual behavior. It is hypothesized that the different male and female natal social environments, combined with the sexually differentiated nature of amygdala function will produce different magnitudes of effect of amygdala damage, with males being more severely affected than females. During the first year of funding 6 surgical control and five (4 male, 1 female) amygdalectomized subjects were created. Weekly focal observations of behavior, neonatal imitation, and LabTab performance has been collected on these subjects. Sample sizes will not be sufficient for data analysis until the completion of this birth season when the additional subjects will be created.