Investigating the Science-Practice Gap from the Practitioner Viewpoint

描述（由申请人提供）：美国国家精神卫生研究所（NIMH）服务和干预研究部（DISR）宣布，确定从科学到实践的传播途径是一个高度优先的领域。当前的提案旨在从一线从业者的角度审视心理治疗实践与研究之间长期存在的差距。尽管文献中广泛讨论了科学与实践之间的差距，但很少有证据证明临床医生对经验支持的治疗方法（ESTs）的看法，传播这些治疗方法的障碍，以及临床医生对一般治疗方法的选择。该提案旨在填补这一空白，并收集有关一线从业人员的信息，以便在研究人员和执业临床医生之间开始对话和积极合作。研究1考察了研究人员是否可以通过使用案例来使EST研究对从业者更具吸引力。有趣的是，如果随机对照结果研究的统计数据与EST治疗的生动案例研究一起呈现，临床医生是否会发现这些统计数据更有说服力。研究2检查了采用EST的感知障碍（理论和实践）。这项调查询问了临床医生关于获得EST培训的障碍，包括文献中提出的理论障碍，以及获得EST培训所需的时间和资源等实际障碍。如果研究人员更多地意识到EST培训和采用的障碍，他们可以在未来更适当地制定传播策略。研究3采用开放式访谈和定性分析来收集临床医生在日常实践中的决策数据。本研究的目的是收集有关临床医生的信息，他们如何在实践中做出治疗决策，以及如何使治疗研究更相关，更可用，更适用于他们的实践。大量的资源、时间和职业被投入到确定哪种治疗方法对哪种疾病有效，表面上是为了改善精神疾病患者的福利和结果。尽管如此，目前尚不清楚临床医生是否在日常实践中利用这项研究来指导治疗决策。这项建议的主要目的是利用转化研究促进无害环境技术的进一步传播。公共卫生相关性：在本研究中，将使用基本判断和决策研究的范例，向研究人员介绍无害环境技术在临床实践中传播的障碍，以及使此类研究更容易被一线临床医生接受的方法。希望这项研究将有助于弥合临床科学与实践之间的差距，从而改善公众健康。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Division of Services and Intervention Research (DISR) has declared the identification of dissemination pathways from science to practice an area of high priority. The current proposal aims to examine the long-standing gap between psychotherapy practice and research from the viewpoint of the front-line practitioner. Despite extensive discussions of the science-practice gap in the literature, there is remarkably little evidence documenting clinicians' views on empirically supported treatments (ESTs), the barriers to dissemination of these treatments, and clinicians' choices about treatments in general. This proposal is designed to fill this void and gather information about front-line practitioners that could begin a dialogue and an active collaboration between researcher and practicing clinician. Study 1 examines whether researchers can make EST research more compelling to practitioners through the use of case examples. Of interest is whether clinicians will find statistics from randomized controlled outcome studies more compelling if the statistics are presented with a vivid case study treated with the EST. Study 2 examines perceived barriers (both theoretical and practical) to EST adoption. This survey queries clinicians regarding barriers to gaining training in ESTs, including theoretical barriers proposed in the literature, as well as practical barriers such as the time and resources necessary to gain training in an EST. If researchers are more aware of the barriers to EST training and adoption, they can more appropriately devise dissemination strategies in the future. Study 3 utilizes open-ended interviews and qualitative analysis to collect data about clinicians' decision-making in everyday practice. The purpose of this study is to glean information about clinicians, how they make decisions about treatment in their practice, and how to make treatment research more relevant, available, and applicable to their practices. A vast amount of resources, hours, and careers have been devoted to determining what treatments work for what disorders, ostensibly to improve the welfare and outcomes of the mentally ill. Nonetheless, it is not clear that practicing clinicians are utilizing this research to inform treatment decisions in everyday practice. The overarching purpose of this proposal is to use translational research to foster increased dissemination of ESTs. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In this research, paradigms from basic judgment and decision making research will be used to inform researchers about barriers to dissemination of ESTs to clinical practice and about methods of making such research more acceptable to front-line clinicians. Hopefully this research will assist in bridging the gap between clinical science and practice and thereby improve the public health.