Project 6: Microbial Communities that Bioremediate Chemical Mixtures

项目6：总结/摘要 无机类金属砷、有机氯化溶剂（如有机氯）、有机溶剂（如有机氯）等。G.三氯乙烯（TCE））和芳香族 碳氢化合物（e. G.苯、甲苯、甲苯和二甲苯（BTEX））经常被检测为混合物 地下水含水层中的污染物。它们在饮用水供应中的存在， 公共卫生和环境。目前，砷在美国毒物与疾病登记署（ATSDR）的有害物质优先清单上排名第一。 在917个超级基金国家优先事项清单网站上，已报告为问题。由于其 在这些地点与TCE和BTEX共同出现，重要的是要了解潜在的影响， 仅针对一类污染物的补救策略，影响另一类污染物的归宿和迁移 污染物。本项目的目标是应用系统生物学方法研究 微生物群落参与生物修复地下水混合物含有砷物种， 与TCE和BTEX的组合。我们的目标是丰富和研究微生物群落， 降低砷的生物利用度并降解共污染物， 危险废物场址存在化学混合物所引起的问题。生物修复过程 通过向地下蓄水层注入有机物来生物刺激发酵微生物， 三氯乙烯的脱氯可能会产生可溶性砷物种，导致产生新的和更多的砷。 地下水（GW）污染严重。同样，BTEX释放到含水层中会导致 氧和其他电子受体，导致砷移动。在实现有效 不动员砷的生物修复是了解地下微生物的多尺度复杂性， 社区，可以促进砷的有益转化，同时也针对退化， 有机共污染物。我们假设，了解结构，功能和互养 参与砷转化的微生物群落的相互作用可以导致优化的同时 非金属砷以及氯化溶剂和芳烃的生物修复。为了验证这一 假设，我们将丰富和建设文化 以及共污染物转化，并应用基于元组学的方法， 这些社区内的互动。然后，我们将评估这些富集的反应 和联营体对扰动和各种共污染物接触的影响（目标1-3）。我们随后将 开发模型，为这些混合物的有效生物修复的新设计提供预测输入（aim 4）。 从被污染的GW和沉积物中， 砷循环 从这项研究中开发的知识和模型将有价值地为 生物修复的从业人员，以提高操作和实践中常见的共同发生的位置 砷、溶剂和芳烃的混合物。

PROJECT 6: SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The inorganic metalloid arsenic, organic chlorinated solvents (e. g. trichloroethene (TCE)) and aromatic hydrocarbons (e. g. benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX)) are frequently detected as a mixture of contaminants in groundwater aquifers. Their presence in drinking water supplies represents a hazard to public health and the environment. Currently, arsenic ranks No.1 on the ATSDR Priority List of Hazardous Substances and has been reported as a problem at 917 Superfund National Priorities List sites. Due to its common co-occurrence with TCE and BTEX at these sites, it is important to understand the effects of potential remediation strategies that target only one contaminant class on the fate and transport of the other contaminants. The objective of this project is to apply systems biology approaches to study interactions within microbial communities involved in the bioremediation of groundwater mixtures containing arsenic species in combination with TCE and BTEX. We aim to enrich and study microbial communities that can concurrently reduce the bioavailability of arsenic and degrade the co-contaminants and specifically address complex problems arising from the presence of chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites. Bioremediation processes that biostimulate fermenting microorganisms by injection of organics into groundwater aquifers to promote the dechlorination of TCE are likely to generate soluble arsenic species, leading to the production of new and more significant groundwater (GW) contaminants. Similarly, BTEX releases into aquifers result in the rapid depletion of oxygen and other electron acceptors, leading to arsenic mobilization. A key challenge in achieving effective bioremediation without mobilizing arsenic is understanding the multi-scale complexity of subsurface microbial communities that could facilitate useful transformations of arsenic, while also targeting the degradation of organic co-contaminants. We hypothesize that understanding the structure, function and syntrophic interactions of microbial communities involved in arsenic transformations can lead to optimized simultaneous bioremediation of the metalloid arsenic as well as chlorinated solvents and aromatic hydrocarbons. To test this hypothesis, we will enrich and construct cultures as well as co-contaminant transformations and apply meta-omics based approaches to characterize interactions within these communities. We will then evaluate the responses of these enrichments and consortia to perturbations and various co-contaminant exposures (aims 1-3). We will subsequently develop models to provide predictive input to new designs for effective bioremediation of these mixtures (aim 4). from contaminated GW and sediments that are capable of arsenic cycling The knowledge and models developed from this research will be valuable to provide guidance to practitioners of bioremediation to improve operation and practice in the common occurrence of co-located mixtures of arsenic, solvents and aromatics.