Designing and Evaluating High-Impact Pictorial Health Warnings for Food Products

项目摘要 不良饮食和肥胖是心血管疾病（CVD）的主要原因。要求提供健康警示图片 在食品包装的前面是一个有前途的，但尚未充分研究的政策，以减少心血管疾病的饮食风险因素。 这一战略有可能改善公共卫生，包括拉丁美洲最大的少数民族群体， 我们我提出的研究和培训的目标是设计图形食品健康警告，以减少饮食 心血管疾病的危险因素，并注意英语水平低（LEP）的拉丁美洲人的影响。在目标1中， 将开发英语图形食品健康警告，将营养素（即，饱和脂肪，钠， 糖）与心血管疾病的后果，与营养，心血管健康， 依法我将在美国成年人的焦点小组中预先测试由此产生的食品健康警告，包括LEP拉丁美洲人。中 在离散选择实验中，我将选择最后的警告用于目标2和3。在目标2中，我将评估 图形警告是否增加虚拟购物中虚拟食品购买的健康性 实验我将随机分配一个美国成年人的样本（一半LEP拉丁美洲人和一半非拉丁美洲人），以查看 在虚拟超市的食品上使用图形警告或控制标签，并将测试图形 警告增加了虚拟食物购买的健康性（即，减少卡路里、饱和脂肪、糖， 钠的购买）。我还将研究LEP状态是否缓和了图形警告对 食品采购。我预计图片警告的影响将在LEP拉丁美洲人比非拉丁美洲人更强 因为与文字相结合的图像比单独的文字更能传达风险。最后，在目标3中，我将 随机分配美国成年人查看图片警告或控制标签，并将评估图片 警告增加了对包括注意力的警告的客观测量的生理反应（即， 停留时间，用眼睛跟踪测量）和负面情绪（即，皱眉和手出汗，测量 电极）。这项研究解决了NHLBI减少CVD的战略目标，以及该研究所的 总体目标是调查造成健康差距的因素。K01将帮助我实现 我的长期职业目标是成为行为研究的领导者，为肥胖预防政策提供信息， 重点关注拉丁裔的健康差异。在这个职业发展奖的支持下，我将建立一个 独立研究方案，以提高对如何设计有效政策的理解， 饮食和饮食相关的肥胖。具体来说，K01将使我能够解决1）可修改的培训差距 心血管疾病的饮食决定因素，重点是拉丁美洲的差异，2）离散选择实验，3）眼睛 跟踪方法。我的培训计划包括与我的跨学科导师团队一起实习， 正式的课程，动手研究活动，并参加全国会议，研究小组， 和专业社会。K01将为我提供必要的经验，成为一个独立的 研究人员能够成功地竞争R01资金继续在这一领域的工作。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Poor diet and obesity are major causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Requiring pictorial health warnings on the front of food packaging is a promising yet understudied policy to reduce dietary risk factors for CVD. This strategy has potential to improve public health, including among Latinos, the largest minority group in the US. The goal of my proposed research and training is to design pictorial food health warnings to reduce dietary risk factors for CVD, with attention to the effects among Latinos with low English proficiency (LEP). In Aim 1, I will develop English-language pictorial food health warnings linking nutrients (i.e., saturated fat, sodium, sugar) with CVD consequences, with guidance from a panel of experts in nutrition, cardiovascular health, and law. I will pre-test the resulting food health warnings in focus groups with US adults, including LEP Latinos. In a discrete choice experiment, I will select the final warnings for use in Aims 2 and 3. In Aim 2, I will evaluate whether pictorial warnings increase healthfulness of virtual food purchases in a virtual shopping experiment. I will randomly assign a sample of US adults (half LEP Latinos and half non-Latinos) to view pictorial warnings or control labels on food products in a virtual supermarket and will test whether pictorial warnings increase healthfulness of virtual food purchases (i.e., reduce calories, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium of purchases). I will also examine whether LEP status moderates the impact of pictorial warnings on food purchases. I expect the impact of pictorial warnings will be stronger among LEP Latinos than non-Latinos because the images paired with text will better communicate risk than text alone. Finally, in Aim 3, I will randomly assign US adults to view pictorial warnings or control labels and will assess whether pictorial warnings increase objectively-measured physiological responses to warnings including attention (i.e., dwell time, measured with eye tracking) and negative emotion (i.e., frowning and hand sweating, measured with electrodes). This research addresses NHLBI's strategic goal of reducing CVD, as well as the Institute's overarching objective to investigate factors that account for health disparities. The K01 will help me achieve my long-term career goal of becoming a leader in behavioral research to inform obesity prevention policy, with a focus on Latino health disparities. With support from this career development award, I will build an independent research program to improve understanding of how to design effective policies to prevent poor diets and diet-related obesity. Specifically, the K01 will allow me to address training gaps in 1) modifiable dietary determinants of CVD, with a focus on Latino disparities, 2) discrete choice experiments, and 3) eye tracking methodology. My training plan includes apprenticeships with my interdisciplinary mentorship team, formal coursework, hands-on research activities, and participation in national conferences, research groups, and professional societies. The K01 will provide me with the experience necessary to become an independent researcher capable of successfully competing for R01 funding to continue work in this area.