E1 - Building Aboveground Strategies to Identify and Address Belowground Hot Spots for VOC Vapor Intrusion in Complex Urban Settings

项目摘要/摘要：在后工业城市，挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的排放量越来越大 被公认为特别持久和有问题的污染物。VOCs之所以受到关注，是因为它们 通过土壤蒸气侵入地下室对公众健康的影响。然而，我们解决这个问题的能力 公共卫生问题受限于我们在空间上识别地下VOC污染的能力 全面、经济实惠的方式。项目E1‘S的目标是使用创新的地上方法来 确定后工业城市环境中对人类有贡献的地下VOCs的可能热点 与蒸汽侵入导致的室内空气质量下降相关的健康问题。我们的中心假设 是因为VOCs可以在植物组织中积累，主要是通过根-水吸收，植物-水相互作用可以 以经济高效的方式用于通知VOC数据并隔离后工业中的地下VOC热点 具有高度变化的水文的城市环境。我们建议通过三个具体的例子来解决这一假设 目标：(1)在地理空间地理信息系统中利用地上植物组织的数据识别VOC污染热点 框架；(2)确定城市植物的地下水源，以隔离可能的VOC来源 污染(特别是在通过水井获取地下水有限的城市环境中)；(3)核实 地下存在VOCs，并与室内空气中的VOCs联系在一起。提议的方法是第一次努力将 植物筛选和稳定同位素技术在了解地下挥发性有机化合物中的应用利益复合体 包括三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯优先超级基金 在我们研究区域(密歇根州底特律)的土壤蒸气中检测到的污染物。我们的发现将有助于 对于Clear By的问题解决目标：(1)为使用地上植物组织提供概念验证 在超级基金相关VOC污染物的点源和非点源修复工作中 复杂的城市环境和(2)提供用于在环境和环境之间共享数据的地理空间框架 和生物医学研究努力，旨在改善影响复杂后公众健康的条件 工业城市环境。我们地理空间框架中的指标和公共卫生关注的指标可以 在空间上与重点补救和/或缓解工作相关联。因此，项目E1直接响应： SRP的广泛任务规定3，即，开发“检测危险物质的方法和技术 环境“--与项目E2的目标直接相关；SRP的广泛任务规定2，即制定 “评估危险物质对公众健康的风险的方法”，因为纳入了 我们的环境数据纳入地理空间框架，允许与公共卫生数据直接集成--以及 直接关系到B3项目和社区参与核心的目标；SRP广泛的任务规定4，即 评估“减少有害物质数量和毒性的基本生物、化学和物理方法” 通过监测城市社区内现有的植物修复努力的有效性，实现对“物质”的保护。

Project Summary/Abstract: In post-industrial cities, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are increasingly recognized as especially persistent and problematic contaminants. VOCs have been highlighted because of their impact on public health through intrusion into basements via soil vapors. However, our ability to address this public health issue is limited by our ability to identify belowground VOC contamination in a spatially comprehensive and cost-efficient way. Project E1’s objective is to use an innovative aboveground approach to pinpoint possible hot spots of belowground VOCs in post-industrial urban environments that contribute to human health issues associated with degraded indoor air quality as a result of vapor intrusion. Our central hypothesis is that because VOCs can accumulate in plant tissue, mainly via root-water uptake, plant-water interactions can be used in a cost-effective way to inform VOC data and isolate belowground VOC hotspots in post-industrial urban environments with highly altered hydrology. We propose to address this hypothesis through three specific aims: (1) identify hot spots of VOC contamination using data from aboveground plant tissue in a geospatial GIS framework; (2) identify belowground source waters for urban plants to isolate possible sources of VOC contamination (especially in urban environments where access to groundwater through wells is limited); (3) verify belowground presence of VOCs and link to VOCs in indoor air. The proposed approach is the first effort to link phytoscreening and stable isotope techniques in understanding belowground VOCs. Compounds of interests include trichloroethylene; tetrachloroethylene; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes – priority Superfund contaminants that have been detected in soil vapors of our study area (Detroit, MI). Our findings will contribute to the problem-solving goals of CLEAR by: (1) providing the proof-of-concept for using aboveground plant tissue in both point and non-point belowground source remediation efforts of Superfund-relevant VOC contaminants in complex urban environments and (2) providing the geospatial framework for sharing data between environmental and biomedical research efforts aimed at improving conditions that impact public health in complex post- industrial urban environments. Metrics from our geospatial framework and metrics of public health concern can be spatially correlated to focus remediation and/or mitigation efforts. Therefore, Project E1 directly responds to: SRP broad mandate 3, i.e., development of “methods and technologies to detect hazardous substances in the environment” – and directly relates to the goals of Project E2; SRP broad mandate 2, i.e., development of “methods to assess the risks to public health presented by hazardous substances” because the incorporation of our environmental data into a geospatial framework allows for direct integration with public health data – and directly relates to the goals of Project B3 and the Community Engagement Core; SRP broad mandate 4, i.e. evaluating “basic biological, chemical, and physical methods to reduce the amount and toxicity of hazardous substances” by monitoring existing phytoremediation efforts within the urban community for their effectiveness.