Antisocial Behavior, Genetics, and the Life Course

描述(申请人提供)：这项研究的目标是整合从青春期到青春期的犯罪和反社会行为的遗传和生活过程模型，并用传统和创新的统计模型和具有全国代表性的大样本来检验由此产生的假设。到目前为止，很少有研究研究特定基因和社会背景之间的相互作用在反社会行为的出现和维持中的作用，尽管越来越多的人意识到这些因素是协同作用的。数据来自四波全国青少年健康纵向研究，范围从12岁到31岁(nH18,000)。目的1建立与多巴胺、5-羟色胺和单胺氧化酶相关的特定神经遗传多态(NPs，单倍型)与反社会行为指标--包括犯罪、参与刑事司法系统、吸毒和暴力行为--之间的联系，对于犯罪和吸毒，在每一波之间。目的2研究这些相同的NPs与非正式社会控制(ISCs)之间的关系，包括青春期与父母、同龄人、学校依恋、就业和宗教的关系，以及在年轻成年时，这些相同的ISCs和家庭形成模式。对于目标1和目标2，将分别研究NPs、反社会行为和ISCs(例如，单个NPs和自然形成的NPs星座)。目的3通过从青春期延伸到青春期的中介模型和适度模型发展了NPs、ISCs和反社会行为的纵向模型，这些模型分别从个体和结构上相互关联，根据这些模型，高遗传风险和低非正式控制特别可能与反社会行为有关。将利用各种创新的潜变量模型进行分析，这些模型允许这些因素之间具有高度的非线性。实质上，这些分析将揭示从青春期到成年，遗传风险、非正式社会控制以及犯罪和反社会行为是如何相互关联的。在方法上，拟议的研究将提供对最新的混合建模技术的洞察，以及对NP以及语境和心理社会因素的分析。公共卫生相关性：公共卫生关乎福祉，世界卫生组织将其定义为“强调社会和个人资源以及身体能力的积极概念”(世卫组织，1986年《渥太华宪章》)。这项拟议的研究直接涉及到可以防止反社会行为的社会资源，而反社会行为又往往与危险的健康相关行为有关。因此，拟议的研究试图确定避免这些不利结果的社会环境。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this research is to integrate genetic and life course models of criminal and otherwise antisocial behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood, and to test the resulting hypotheses with traditional and innovative statistical models and a large nationally representative sample. To date, very little research has examined the interplay between specific genes and social context in the emergence and maintenance of antisocial behaviors, despite growing appreciation that these factors operate in concert. Data come from four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health spanning ages 12 to 31 (nH18,000). Aim 1 establishes links between specific neurogenetic polymorphisms (NPs, measured as haplotypes) associated with dopamine, serotonin, and monoamine oxidase, and indicators of antisocial behavior-- including delinquency, involvement with the criminal justice system, substance use, and violent acts--at each wave and, for delinquency and substance use, across waves. Aim 2 examines associations between these same NPs and informal social controls (ISCs), including relationships with parents, peers, school attachment, employment, and religiosity in adolescence, and, in young adulthood, these same ISCs and patterns of family formation. For both Aims 1 and 2, NPs, antisocial behaviors, and ISCs will each be studied individually and in configurations (e.g., single NPs, and naturally occurring constellations of NPs). Aim 3 develops longitudinal models that interrelate NPs, ISCs, and antisocial behaviors--individually and configurally--by way of mediational models extending from adolescence to young adulthood and moderational models, according to which high genetic risk and low informal controls are especially likely to be associated with antisocial behaviors. Analyses will be conducted with variations of innovative latent variable models that allow for a high degree of non-linearity among these factors. Substantively, these analyses will reveal how genetic risks, informal social controls, and criminal and antisocial behaviors are interrelated from adolescence to young adulthood. Methodologically, the proposed research will provide insight into the latest mixture modeling techniques and the analysis of NPs and contextual and psychosocial factors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Public health concerns well-being, which the World Health Organization defines as "a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities" (WHO, 1986 Ottawa Charter). The proposed research is directly concerned with the social resources that may prevent antisocial behaviors which are, in turn, frequently associated with risky health-related behaviors. The proposed research thus seeks to identify the social circumstances in which these adverse outcomes are avoided.