Energy Expenditure & Activity During & After Exercise-Induced Weight Loss

描述(申请人提供)：日益增长的肥胖率正在给我们的医疗保健系统带来巨大的负担，迫切需要提高减肥干预的有效性。体重管理的一个重要目标是通过增加在体力活动中消耗的能量(每日总活动产热，TDAT)来增加每日总能量消耗(TDEE)。TDAT的两个组成部分是运动活动产热(EAT)和非运动活动产热(NEAT)。当运动被指定用于减肥时，预期TDAT和总TDEE将随着进食量的增加而增加。然而，几项研究表明，即使能量摄入没有变化，当增加EAT时，TDAT和TDEE的增加，从而体重减轻也比预期的要小。这增加了一种可能性，即整洁程度的下降可以补偿增加的进食量。由于无法准确地测量整齐，这个问题没有得到充分的解决。通过技术创新，我们现在有了准确测量整齐的手段。人们对步行在体重调节中的作用越来越感兴趣。步行是结构化耐力运动计划的一种有吸引力的替代方案，因为它可以间歇性地以较低的强度进行，因此可以提高耐受性和坚持性。这项拟议研究的主要目的是确定TDAT和TDEE在试图通过运动减肥并保持减肥的肥胖者中是如何调节的。将对两种运动干预措施进行比较；一种是结构化的有氧运动计划，一种是步行计划。EAT将得到验证，NEAT、TDAT和TDEE将使用最先进的技术进行测量。假设步行方案将对TDAT和TDEE产生更有利的影响。这项拟议研究的第二个目的是确定那些更好地维持TDAT和TDEE的个体是否在体重、体脂、体脂分布和代谢参数方面有更好的改善。如果我们的假设是正确的，那么来自拟议研究的数据可以用来提高基于运动的减肥和减肥维持计划的有效性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The growing incidence of obesity is placing an enormous burden on our health-care system and there is an urgent need to improve the effectiveness of weight loss interventions. An important goal for weight management is to increase total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by increasing the energy expended in physical activity (total daily activity thermogenesis, TDAT). The two components of TDAT are exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT) and non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). When exercise is prescribed for weight loss, the expectation is that TDAT and total TDEE will increase by the amount of EAT. However, several studies have demonstrated that the increase in TDAT and TDEE, and consequently weight loss, is less than expected when EAT is increased, even when no changes in energy intake occur. This raises the possibility that a decrease in NEAT compensates for the increased EAT. This question has not been adequately addressed because of the inability to accurately measure NEAT. Through technological innovations, we now have the means of accurately measuring NEAT. There is growing interest in the role of walking in body weight regulation. Walking is an attractive alternative to structured endurance exercise programs because it can be performed intermittently at lower intensities & may, therefore, enhance tolerability & adherence. The primary aim of this proposed study is to determine how TDAT and TDEE are regulated in obese humans attempting to lose weight and maintain weight loss through exercise. Two exercise interventions will be compared; a structured aerobic exercise program and a walking program. EAT will be verified, and NEAT, TDAT, and TDEE will be measured using state-of-the-art technologies. It is hypothesized that the walking program will have more favorable effects on TDAT and TDEE. A secondary aim of the proposed study is to determine whether those individuals that better maintain TDAT and TDEE have better improvement in body weight, body fat, body fat distribution, and metabolic parameters. If our hypotheses are correct, then data from the proposed study could be used to improve the effectiveness of exercise-based weight loss and weight loss maintenance programs.