Early childhood behavioral and neurobiological profiles in the prediction of obesity: The role of self-regulation and the caregiving environment

项目摘要 虽然儿童肥胖症的患病率近年来趋于平稳，但 高达35%的学龄儿童仍被归类为超重或肥胖。儿童 来自少数民族的儿童面临更大的风险，近40%的拉丁裔儿童 按6岁进行分类。身心健康风险和相关的社会成本 与儿童肥胖症的关系是公认的。因此，对研究工作来说，重点放在 理解早期行为表型可以解释个体的变异性 儿童对能量平衡和随后的体重轨迹的调节。研究人员 已将自律(SR)和执行功能差(EF)记录为重要 了解儿童肥胖发展的机制及其共同 与其他精神健康障碍(如注意力缺陷/多动症)并存 精神障碍[多动症])执行功能(EF)差，情绪调节和反应性(ER)差， 和奖励敏感度(RS)已经不同地作为关键的潜在过程出现在 导致暴饮暴食和食物偏好的术语。然而，这里缺少1) 在检查体重结果时整合这些SR过程，2)纵向 需要进行研究，以确定潜在的SR缺陷是否是 肥胖的发展或其后果，3)综合测量 这些SR过程在整合行为测量、神经心理学和 神经生物学标志物，4)检查SR过程的预测性关联的研究 因为它们与观察到的肥胖机制有关(例如，能量摄入的SR，健康的 习惯)和5)环境因素(例如，育儿方式、家庭环境)如何 有助于并调节SR表型和体重结果之间的联系。 与PAR-18-105一致，我们利用持续的数据收集作为奖励的一部分 R01MH112588(Pis Graziano和Dick)，它测量年幼儿童(4岁至 6)SR过程(EF、ER和RS)在行为、神经心理和 用MRI进行神经生物学水平检测。拟议的辅助研究(n=288)检查SR如何 表型预测肥胖发生机制和随后与肥胖相关的轨迹。 建议的样本提供了一个独特的机会来检查一个 通常研究不足，但肥胖的高危人群(即西班牙裔/拉丁裔)以及 纳入一个临床组(即多动症儿童)。

Project Summary While the prevalence rates of pediatric obesity have plateaued in recent years, a staggering 35% of school age children remain classified as overweight or obese. Children from ethnic minority groups are at an even greater risk, with nearly 40% of Latino children so-classified by age 6. The physical and mental health risks and societal costs associated with pediatric obesity are well established. It is thus crucial for research efforts to focus on understanding early behavioral phenotypes that can explain individual variability in children’s regulation of energy balance and subsequent weight trajectory. Researchers have documented self-regulation (SR) and poor executive function (EF) as important mechanisms for understanding the development of pediatric obesity, as well as its shared co-morbidities with other mental health disorders (e.g., Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD]). Poor executive function (EF), emotion regulation and reactivity (ER), and reward sensitivity (RS) have variously emerged as critical underlying processes in terms of contributing to overeating and food preferences. However, there is a lack of 1) integration of these SR processes when examining weight outcomes, 2) longitudinal studies, which are needed to disentangle whether potential SR deficits are risk factors for the development of obesity or a consequence of it, 3) comprehensive measurement of these SR processes in terms of integrating behavioral measures, neuropsychological, and neurobiological markers, 4) studies examining the predictive association of SR processes as they relate to observed obesogenic mechanisms (e.g., SR of energy intake, healthy- habits) and 5) how environmental factors (e.g., parenting, home environment) can contribute to and moderate the link between SR phenotypes and weight outcomes. Consistent with PAR-18-105, we leverage the ongoing data collection as part of award R01MH112588 (PIs Graziano and Dick), which is measuring young children’s (ages 4 to 6) SR processes (EF, ER, and RS) at a behavioral, neuropsychological, and neurobiological level using MRI. The proposed ancillary study (n = 288) examines how SR phenotypes predict obesogenic mechanisms and subsequent obesity-related trajectories. The proposed sample offers a unique opportunity to examine health outcomes within a typically understudied, yet high-risk population for obesity (i.e., Hispanic/Latino) along with inclusion of a clinical group (i.e., children with ADHD).