Biosignatures of Executive Function and Emotion Regulation in young children with ADHD

项目摘要 儿童早期外化行为问题，包括注意力症状- 缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)，如注意力不集中、多动和冲动， 是儿童早期心理健康转诊的最常见原因，发生在10- 25%的学龄前儿童。尽管循证治疗的成功发展 对于ADHD来说，早期干预被证明对儿童的长期发育几乎没有影响。 术语学业和社会损害。理解长期的一个主要障碍 对ADHD儿童治疗的影响是目前对ADHD的定义依赖于 仅根据DSM-V症状特征。简单的分类系统限制了我们的 了解ADHD的异质性，特别是在学龄前和 上小学的早期。这种疾病的异质性表明ADHD 可能以具有不同神经心理特征的多个亚组为特征， 我们的假设是，这些图谱反映了不同的神经生物学基础。 然而，对ADHD的神经生物学缺乏既定的理解，在 特别是在执行功能(EF)和情绪调节(ER)领域。在……里面 根据NIMH战略计划(战略1.4)，我们寻求克服这些问题 通过识别来自于集成的 神经生物学(功能和结构磁共振成像；功能 MRI和弥散加权MRI)以及EF和ER的病理生理指标。这将是 协助行为和神经心理疾病的早期识别和个体化治疗 ADHD的表型。此外，我们建议研究在多大程度上 识别出的“生物特征”可以预测儿童的早期干预反应。理解 更好地捕捉EF和ER的异质性可能会导致更有针对性的治疗 改善ADHD儿童的社交和学习功能。

Project Summary Children’s early externalizing behavior problems, including symptoms of Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, are the most common reason for early childhood mental health referrals and occur in 10- 25% of preschoolers. Despite the successful development of evidence-based treatments for ADHD, early interventions have been shown to have little impact on children’s long- term academic and social impairment. A major barrier to understanding the long-term treatment impact on children with ADHD is that current definitions of the disorder rely solely on DSM-V symptom profiles. A simplistic classification system limits our understanding of the heterogeneity present in ADHD, particularly during the preschool and early elementary school years. The heterogeneity of the disorder suggests that the ADHD may be characterized by multiple subgroups with varying neuropsychological profiles, with the assumption is that these profiles reflect different underlying neurobiological substrates. However, an established understanding of the neurobiology of ADHD is lacking, in particular, in the executive function (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) domains. In accordance with the NIMH strategic plan (Strategy 1.4) we seek to overcome these limitations by identifying distinct “biosignatures” derived from an integration of neurobiological (functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); functional MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI) and pathophysiological markers of EF and ER. This will aid in the early identification and tailored treatment of behavioral and neuropsychological phenotypes of ADHD. Additionally, we propose to examine the extent to which the identified “biosignatures” predict children’s early intervention response. Understanding and better capturing the heterogeneity of EF and ER may lead to more targeted treatments to improve children with ADHD’s social and academic functioning.