The Health and Education Impacts of Long-Run Exposure to Pollution in Childhood: Evidence from the US Army

儿童期长期暴露于污染对健康和教育的影响： 来自美国陆军的证据（30行） 大量的研究表明，童年环境对儿童的健康有着重要的长期影响。 对个体终身结局的影响（Almond et al. 2018）。我们的目标是评估因果关系 儿童期长期接触空气污染对儿童健康和教育的影响 儿童和年轻人。我们特别关注污染物细颗粒物（PM2.5）， 它对身体有害，因为它会深入肺部并穿过 转移到血液中有许多研究表明，长期接触PM2.5 与对健康和认知的危害有关。然而，由于儿童暴露于更高的 多年来，空气污染水平更有可能来自社会经济地位较低的家庭。 地位，这也直接影响健康和认知，这些研究不能建立因果关系， 多年来PM2.5暴露的影响。 为了估计长期污染暴露的因果影响，我们专注于军人儿童。这 关注军队是很重要的，因为以前的研究表明，军队中的污染暴露 家庭是由军队的需要而不是士兵的喜好决定的， 使其独立于受影响者的健康或社会经济地位。使用军事 根据人事记录，我们将构建一个跟踪长达20年的儿童大样本。这些 将利用最先进的卫星数据将数据与污染情况相匹配。利用行政 从健康保险索赔和教育记录的数据，我们将调查长期的影响， 长期PM2.5暴露对一系列健康和教育结果的影响。

The Health and Educational Impacts from Long-Run Exposure to Pollution in Childhood: Evidence from the US Army (30 lines) A large body of research documents that childhood circumstances have significant long-term effects on individuals' lifetime outcomes (Almond et al. 2018). We aim to assess the causal effect of long-term air pollution exposure throughout childhood on the health and education of children and young adults. We specifically focus on the pollutant fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which has detrimental effects on the body because it penetrates deep into the lungs and crosses over to the bloodstream. There are many studies that suggest that long term PM2.5 exposure is associated with harm to both health and cognition. However, because children exposed to higher levels of air pollution for many years are more likely to come from families of lower socio-economic status, which also impacts health and cognition directly, these studies cannot establish causal effects from PM2.5 exposure over many years. To estimate the causal impacts of long-run pollution exposure, we focus on military children. This focus on the military is important, as previous studies suggest that pollution exposure in military families is determined by the needs of the military rather than the preferences of the soldier, making it independent from the health or socio-economic status of those exposed. Using military personnel records, we will construct a large sample of children followed for up to 20 years. These data will be matched to pollution using state-of-the art satellite-based data. Using administrative data from health insurance claims and education records, we will investigate the impacts of long term PM2.5 exposure on a range of health and education outcomes.