Integrating Electromagnetic Multifocal Brain Stimulation and Recording Technologies

项目摘要 对使用非侵入性电磁刺激进行治疗性疼痛的兴趣越来越大。 干预以及了解健康人类大脑的功能。大多数传统- 常规方案涉及单个目标/聚焦区域的刺激。然而，越来越多的证据表明， 广泛的神经元处理任务依赖于大规模网络及其同步，例如， 多焦点刺激将是一个特别有前途的途径，增强神经调制， lation协议需要测量大脑网络对刺激的反应， 的影响，因此，同时脑映射方法是必要的。为此，双方 脑电图和功能磁共振成像已被采用以前。我们认为，最大限度地发挥 多焦点扫描刺激是刺激和成像记录的集成， 在线分析大脑的反应，也允许闭环范例的发展。在这 TRD，我们利用我们在电磁脑刺激，成像和计算方面的独特专业知识， 理论建模为科学界提供一套工具，以促进整合和应用 多焦点脑成像和刺激的应用。当然，单通道刺激系统 用户也将受益于所开发的方法。在目标1中，我们将优化解剖结构， 功能性MRI采集协议，使采用我们最近发表的快速和准确的TMS， 感应电场（E-场）建模方法将被采用的计算目标。在目标2中， 我们将开发软件（MNE-TMS），在刺激和记录设备之间提供接口 这使得能够使用我们的MNE-CPP平台实时分析诱导的激活， 刺激装置在目标3中，我们将结合神经元的几何关系， 需要确定与刺激电场有关的部分，以了解 介观和微观水平。特别是，我们将扩展我们以前发布的方法， 当白色物质束离开/进入皮质层时， 1 mm分辨率。我们将结合皮质表面几何重建来模拟 电场对各种神经元元素的影响，这将使我们能够预测 刺激参与不同的激活机制/途径。

Project Summary There is an increasing interest in the use of non-invasive electromagnetic stimulation for therapeutic interventions as well as understanding of the functioning of the healthy human brain. Most of the tradi- tional protocols involve stimulation of a single target/focus region. However, evidence is mounting that a wide range of neuronal processing tasks rely on large-scale networks and their synchronization, sug- gesting that multi-focal stimulation would be a particularly promising avenue for enhanced neuromodu- lation protocols. Measuring the response of the brain networks to the stimulation is needed to quantify the effects and therefore concurrent brain mapping methodologies are necessary. To this end, both EEG and fMRI have been employed previously. We consider that the key to maximizing the potential of multi-focal scanning stimulation is the integration of the stimulation and imaging recording as it enables on-line analysis of the brain responses and also allows closed-loop paradigms to be developed. In this TRD, we leverage on our unique expertise in electromagnetic brain stimulation, imaging, and computa- tional modeling to provide a set of tools for the scientific community to promote the integration and ap- plication of multifocal brain imaging and stimulation. Naturally, the single-channel stimulation system users will benefit from the developed methods as well. In Aim 1, we will optimize the anatomical and functional MRI acquisition protocols to enable employing our recently published fast and accurate TMS- induced electric field (E-field) modeling approach to be adopted to computational targeting. In Aim 2, we will develop software (MNE-TMS), with an interface between the stimulation and recording devices that enable real-time analysis of the induced activations using our MNE-CPP platform and control of the stimulating devices. In Aim 3, we will incorporate the geometrical relationships of the neuronal ele- ments with respect to the stimulating E-fields need to be determined to understand the activations at mesoscopic and microscopic levels. In particular, we will extend our previously published methods to allow accurate reconstructions of the white matter bundles as they exit/enter the cortical mantle with of 1 mm resolution in vivo. We will couple the cortical surface geometry reconstructions to simulate the effects of the E-field on various neuronal elements that will allow us predicting the likelihood of the stimulus to engage different activation mechanisms/pathways.