Center for Native American Environmental Health Equity Research

摘要：整体-土著环境健康研究公平中心 美国近一半的美洲原住民人口生活在西部13个州，靠近 估计有161 000个废弃的硬地雷，其中4000多个是废弃的铀矿。 因为他们依赖自然资源来维持传统的饮食、生活方式、习俗和语言， 这些部落社区与废弃矿场的金属混合物有直接和频繁的接触， 通过多种途径造成暴露，包括吸入、饮用水和摄入食物 因废物迁移而直接或间接受到污染。加剧这些风险敞口的是 基础设施，包括安全饮用水和固体废物管理等服务。缺乏有效的固体- 废物管理在历史上导致固体废物的焚烧和露天倾倒，但随着不断的- 越来越多的塑料进入废流，低温，不完全燃烧 我们的部落伙伴越来越关注风化过程造成的环境退化。 关于塑料有毒降解产物排放到其环境中的问题。人们对如何 来自这些过程的组合毒物和我们已经将其与免疫功能障碍联系在一起的金属 这些社区促成了第二阶段本地EH股权提案。我们发现了金属混合物的结果 在我们的三个合作土著社区：纳瓦霍、APSáalooke和 夏延河苏州。虽然我们看到这些社区免疫功能障碍的共性 这可能会导致癌症和其他慢性病的差异，但金属暴露本身并不会 把所有的风险都算进去。因此，在这个阶段2中心，我们将发展对新兴的理解 其他塑料降解污染物概况，评价微塑料的成分和分布 其他降解产品，以及采掘业的排放，可能会增加这些类别的 固定和移动接触评估中的化学品。我们将监测牲畜的放牧模式。 以及由此产生的通过空气、植物和水的消耗以及固定在家里的暴露 以及在人们正常活动期间对其进行移动监测，以评估暴露的成分和途径 带来最大风险，最终目标是在个人和部落制定缓解策略 为决策和政策提供信息的水平，以降低与癌症和其他慢性病增加相关的风险 这些社区中的差异。由此产生的精细预测模型，通过地面真实 监测和整合多个曝光流将提供一种资源，不仅为政策提供信息， 但也有助于临床医生识别早期风险，以制定预防策略。

SUMMARY: OVERALL - Center for Native Environmental Health Research Equity Nearly half of the Native American population of the United States lives in 13 western states in proximity of an estimated 161,000 abandoned hardrock mines, with more than 4,000 being abandoned uranium mines. Because of their reliance on natural resources to maintain traditional diets, lifestyles, customs and languages, these tribal communities have direct and frequent contact with metal mixtures from abandoned mine sites, creating exposures through multiple pathways including inhalation, drinking water, and ingestion of foods either directly or indirectly contaminated by migration of the wastes. Exacerbating these exposures are disparities in infrastructure, including services like safe drinking water and solid waste management. Lack of effective solid- waste management resulted historically in burning and open dumping of solid waste, but with the ever- increasing amounts of plastic entering the waste stream, the low-temperature, incomplete combustion of this process, and the environmental degradation through weathering, our tribal partners are increasingly concerned about the emissions of toxic degradation products of plastics into their environment. The concerns over how the combined toxicants from these processes and the metals we have already linked to immune dysfunction in these communities have led to this Phase 2 Native EH Equity proposal. We have found metals mixtures result in different exposure profiles across our three partnering indigenous communities: Navajo, Apsáalooke, and Cheyenne River Sioux. And while we see commonalities in immune dysfunction across these communities that can contribute to disparities in cancer and other chronic diseases, the metals exposures alone do not account for all of the risk. Therefore, in this Phase 2 Center we will develop an understanding of the emerging additional plastic degradation contaminant profiles, evaluating constituents and distribution of microplastics and other degradation products, along with emissions from extractive industries that could add to these classes of chemicals, in both stationary and mobile exposure assessments. We will monitor grazing patterns of livestock and their resulting exposures through air and consumption of plants and water, as well as stationary in-home and mobile monitoring on people during their normal activities to evaluate exposure components and pathways contributing the greatest risk with the ultimate goal of developing mitigation strategies at individual and tribal levels to inform decisions and policies to reduce the risks linked to increasing cancer and other chronic disease disparities in these communities. The resulting fine-scale predictive models, ground-truthed through monitoring, and the integration of multiple exposure streams will provide a resource to not only inform policy, but aid clinicians in identifying early risks to develop prevention strategies as well.