Wireless High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography for Decoding Brain Activity

项目摘要 这笔赠款将开发一种无线可穿戴式高性能、高密度漫反射光学断层扫描(DOT) 用于在自然环境中绘制大脑功能图的仪器。健康成年人的功能神经成像 能够绘制大脑功能图，并使认知神经科学发生革命性变化。功能日益强大 神经成像在年轻人群中被使用，并在临床环境中作为一种诊断和预后工具。 它在健康和疾病研究中不断扩大的应用需要新的、更灵活的工具。这个 传统的功能性脑扫描仪(例如，功能磁共振成像)的物流不适合许多对象。特别是，功能磁共振成像是 不适合在核磁共振扫描仪中不能充分静止躺着的受试者。除了幼儿(即 5岁以下)一般来说，这一要求也不包括患有自主行动障碍的儿童， 如中度至重度脑性瘫痪。大多数脑瘫患者有痉挛和/或 运动障碍是一种运动障碍，由于运动伪影而无法成功进行功能磁共振成像。CP受试者的子集 可以被认为是一种有效的儿科形式的“闭锁综合征”，从这个意义上说，虽然 智力完全可以被免除，运动系统功能障碍会阻止说话或手势的能力。不 不同寻常的是，这些孩子的智力从来没有得到看护人员、教育工作者、 和家庭成员。因此，CP人群中有许多有趣的问题可以解决 对于功能神经成像，例如运动可塑性和学习的问题，也许最引人注目的是 锁定的脑性瘫痪儿童认知和神经解剖结构的识别和特征 在……里面。这样的工作可以为解锁严重运动儿童的认知能力提供一条途径。 功能障碍。这些研究不能用功能磁共振成像来完成。 长期以来，光学成像一直被认为是一种自然主义的神经成像技术。高科技的最新发展 密度扩散光学层析成像(HD-DOT)是fNIRS的层析版本，它改善了图像质量 戏剧性的。当与功能磁共振成像的受试者匹配时，HD-DOT现在可以获得5 mm的定位误差， 和点扩展函数&15 mm半高宽，足以将函数局部化到回波。而最初的HD-DOT报告 仅限于更简单的感觉网络(视觉和运动)，最近的结果证明了 映射分布式认知网络，包括背侧注意网络和默认模式网络。 尽管取得了这些进展，但HD-DOT在自然主义研究中的应用一直受到以下因素的限制 覆盖范围和耐磨性之间的权衡。中心的光子挑战是光学敏感度-这 会使设计偏向更大/更重的纤维和覆盖范围-这会使设计偏向更大的 纤维的数量。在这项提案中，目标1-2解决了开发轻量级 无线HD-DOT(WHD-DOT)系统。目标3开发了绘制地图所需的功能神经成像范例 并用WHD-DOT解码大脑功能。在目标4中，我们评估了映射和解码儿科的可行性 脑性瘫痪患者使用WHD-DOT。

Project Summary This grant will develop a wireless wearable high-performance, high-density diffuse optical tomography (DOT) instrument for mapping of brain function in naturalistic settings. Functional neuroimaging of healthy adults has enabled mapping of brain function and revolutionized cognitive neuroscience. Increasingly, functional neuroimaging is being used in younger age groups, and as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in the clinical setting. Its expanding application in the study of both health and disease necessitates new, more flexible tools. The logistics of traditional functional brain scanners (e.g., fMRI) are ill-suited to many subjects. In particular, fMRI is not suited for imaging subjects who cannot lie sufficiently still in MRI scanners. In addition to young children (i.e. under 5 years old) in general, this requirement also excludes children with disorders of voluntary movement, such as moderate to severe cerebral palsy. A majority of patients with CP have either spasticity and/or dyskinesia, movement disorders that prohibits successful fMRI due to motion artifacts. A subset of CP subjects can be considered to have effectively a pediatric form of a “locked-in-syndrome”, in the sense that, while intelligence can be spared entirely, motor system dysfunction prevents the ability to speak or sign. Not uncommonly, the intellectual capacities of these children are never recognized by care-providers, educators, and family members. Thus, there are many intriguing questions in the CP population that could be addressed with functional neuroimaging, such as questions of motor plasticity and learning, perhaps the most compelling is identifying and characterizing the cognitive and neuroanatomical architecture of children with CP who are locked in. Such work could provide a path to unlocking the cognitive capacities of children with severe motor dysfunction. These studies cannot be done with fMRI. Optical imaging has long held promise as a naturalistic neuroimaging technique. Recent development of high- density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), a tomographic version of fNIRS, has improved image quality dramatically. When matched within subjects against fMRI, HD-DOT now can obtain localization errors <5mm, and point spread functions <15 mm FWHM, sufficient to localize functions to gyri. While initial HD-DOT reports have been confined to simpler sensory networks (visual and motor), recent results demonstrate the feasibility of mapping distributed cognitive networks, including the dorsal attention and default mode networks. Despite these advances, application of HD-DOT to naturalistic studies has been limited by a barrier imposed by a tradeoff between coverage and wear-ability. The central photonic challenges are optical sensitivity - which would bias design towards larger/heavier fibers, and coverage - which would bias design towards a larger number of fibers. In this proposal, Aims 1-2 address the technological challenges of developing a lightweight wireless HD-DOT(WHD-DOT) system. Aim 3 develops the functional neuroimaging paradigms needed to map and decode brain function with WHD-DOT. In Aim 4, we assess the feasibility of mapping and decoding pediatric patients with cerebral palsy using WHD-DOT.