21st Century Imaging Sciences: Graduate Student Training

描述（由申请人提供）：成像的革命性进展推动了生物医学科学的发现。成像技术的这些进步依赖于物理和生物科学领域的技术创新。近几十年来，一系列重大突破强调了技术与生物医学之间这种相互依存关系的重要性。在2008年诺贝尔奖中达到顶峰的一个重要发现是Tsien等人的工作，导致了荧光蛋白的结构，表达和优化用于生物医学成像应用。在成像技术、造影剂和临床应用领域还有其他重要发现。例如，光声成像结合了光学成像和超声的最佳属性：高分辨率和更大的深度穿透。多模态成像已经以快速的步伐发展，沿着图像融合技术，用于在各种生物尺度、空间和时间分辨率下对来自多模态成像研究的数据集进行共配准。 世纪影像科学面临的挑战和前沿领域是什么？以下例子描述了与基础科学和转化科学的进步相互关联的挑战。(1)随着细胞治疗和组织工程的进展，将需要干细胞的非侵入性成像来确定递送到靶位点。(2)将开发更多的混合成像系统，例如PET和光学或光声成像。(3)具有多模态成像能力和药物有效载荷的纳米颗粒将被优化并进入临床试验。这些挑战必须由工程师，物理学家，计算机科学家，数学家，化学家，生物学家和医生组成的跨学科团队在生物学，技术和医学之间的界面上共同努力，以开发新的成像技术，模式和应用。因此，华盛顿大学启动了成像科学途径（ISP），该途径得到了2010年7月31日结束的T90-R90路线图计划资助的支持。该提案要求在基础广泛的T32机制下继续支持我们的成像科学途径博士预科生的跨学科培训。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Revolutionary advances in imaging drive discovery in the biomedical sciences. These advances in imaging depend on innovations in technology throughout the physical and biological sciences. In recent decades, a number of significant breakthroughs have underscored the importance of this interdependent relationship between technology and biomedical science. One important discovery that culminated in the 2008 Nobel Prize was the work of Tsien et al. that led to the structure, expression, and optimization of fluorescent proteins for biomedical imaging applications. There have been other key discoveries in the areas of imaging technology, contrast agents and clinical applications. For example, photoacoustic imaging combines the best attributes of optical imaging and ultrasound: high resolution and greater depth penetration. Multimodality imaging has evolved at a rapid pace, along with image fusion technology for co- registration of data sets from multimodal imaging studies at various biological scales, spatial and temporal resolutions. What are the challenges and frontier domains of imaging sciences in the 21st century? The following examples describe challenges that are interconnected with advances in basic and translational sciences. (1) With progress in cell therapy and tissue engineering, noninvasive imaging of stem cells will be needed to ascertain delivery to target sites. (2) More hybrid imaging systems will be developed, such as PET and optical or photoacoustic imaging. (3) Nanoparticles with multimodality imaging capabilities and drug payloads will be optimized and moved into clinical trials. These challenges must be met by interdisciplinary teams of engineers, physicists, computer scientists, mathematicians, chemists, biologists, and physicians working together at the interfaces between biology, technology, and medicine to develop new imaging technologies, modalities, and applications. Washington University therefore launched the Imaging Sciences Pathway (ISP), which has been supported by a T90-R90 Roadmap Initiative grant that ended 7/31/10. This proposal requests continued support under a broad-based T32 mechanism for the interdisciplinary training of predoctoral students in our Imaging Sciences Pathway.