Impact of Boarding School on Perceived Stress, Allostatic Load, and Resilience

摘要 美国印第安人寄宿学校是强制性的，父母不服从的惩罚是扣发 食物配给寄宿学校的目的是同化和消除美国印第安人的身份 包括但不限于语言、精神、服饰、食物和举止。实施的体罚 不遵守学校规则，说部落语言，并在精神上实践文化。报告详情 严重的健康问题，包括猖獗的疾病、恶劣的卫生和生活条件以及缺乏营养。 研究表明，早期的生活经历会影响个人的一生。的有害影响 儿童时期的反复压力导致成年后的非稳态负荷。这个项目的目标是确定 与就读寄宿学校的美洲印第安人相比，就读寄宿学校的美洲印第安人的非稳态负荷是否更差 不出席。在这项横向研究中，将招募220名美国印第安人，其中一半是寄宿学校的学生。 参加者和一半不参加者。美国印第安人慢性病差异模型指导纳入 本研究所使用的控制变量将通过调查收集。多种招聘方式 将发生：传单，通讯/报纸，电台公告，和口碑。研究参与者将 美国印第安人，至少52岁，上过寄宿学校或没有上过寄宿学校。参加者必须 能够在一天内收集滤纸上的尿液样本，其将用于检查变应性的生物标志物。 即可.受试者不得服用激素、脱氢表雄酮、类固醇，或患有肾上腺功能障碍或疾病，或 目前患有或曾经患有肾上腺癌或肾上腺切除术，因为这些会混淆生物标志物读数。 具体目标如下： 具体目标1：确定寄宿学校出勤率与每一个 以下控制变量：ACE，历史创伤，营养，心理健康和弹性。 假设：与非出席者相比，寄宿学校出席者的ACE更差，历史 创伤和营养分数，更有可能有心理健康状况，并且弹性较低。 具体目标2：测试寄宿学校的学生是否有更多的慢性压力（通过 （1）不参加者。假设：寄宿学校的学生会有更高（更差）的慢性压力 分数作为衡量AL比美国印第安人非出席者。 拟议中的项目有望促进我们对寄宿学校出勤率如何影响的理解 美洲印第安人的慢性压力

ABSTRACT American Indian boarding schools were compulsory and parental noncompliance penalized by withholding food rations. The intent of boarding schools was the assimilation and eradication of American Indian identity including but not limited to language, spirituality, dress, food, and mannerisms. Corporal punishment enforced failure to follow school rules, for speaking tribal languages, and practicing cultural spiritually. Reports detail serious health concerns including rampant disease, poor sanitation and living conditions, and lack of nutrition. Research demonstrates early life experiences affect individuals their entire lives. The deleterious effects of repeated stress in childhood leads to allostatic load in adulthood. The goal of this project is to determine whether allostatic load is worse in American Indians who attended boarding school compared to those who did not attend. For this cross-sectional study, 220 American Indians will be recruited, half boarding school attenders and half non-attenders. The American Indian Chronic Disease Disparities model guides the inclusion of control variables used in this study which will be collected through survey. Multiple methods of recruitment will occur: flyers, newsletters/newspapers, radio announcements, and word of mouth. Study participants will be American Indian, at least 52 years of age, and either attended boarding school or did not. Participants must be able to collect urine samples on filter paper over one day which will be used to examine biomarkers of allostatic load. Participants must not be taking hormones, DHEA, steroids, or have an adrenal dysfunction or disorder, or currently have or have had adrenal caner or adrenal removal as these will confound biomarker readings. The Specific Aims are as follows: Specific Aim 1: Determine the relationship between boarding school attendance and each of the following control variables: ACEs, historical trauma, nutrition, mental health, and resilience. Hypothesis: Compared to non-attenders, boarding school attenders will have worse ACEs, historical trauma and nutrition scores, and be more likely to have mental health conditions, and be less resilient. Specific Aim 2: Test whether boarding school attenders have more chronic stress (measured by AL) than non-attenders. Hypothesis: Boarding school attenders will have higher (worse) chronic stress scores as measured by AL than American Indian non-attenders. The proposed project promises to advance our understanding of how boarding school attendance impacts chronic stress in American Indians.