Spatial patterns of metals and metal mixtures in drinking water

项目总结/摘要 2016年，约有1500万人居住在超级基金场地一英里范围内，其中约5%的人居住在超级基金场地周围。 美国（US）5岁以下的所有儿童。铅（Pb）、砷（As）和镉（Cd）是 在有毒物质和疾病登记署2017年的十大污染物中， 超级基金站点的优先级列表。这些和其它金属/准金属可污染地表沃茨， 这可能会影响到地下水系统，导致通过饮用水的暴露增加。在整个美国， 个人饮用的饮用水中重金属浓度超过了规定的标准。 暴露于重金属会对公众健康产生许多负面影响，包括 关于神经发育和认知老化的研究然而，不同的超级基金网站对此的贡献 在全国范围内，污染问题的特点仍然很不明显。这很重要，因为法规 饮用水污染物和风险缓解行动往往在联邦一级进行，但大多数 先前的工作侧重于具体地点的研究。接近超级基金地点可能与更高的风险有关 自来水中的重金属混合物污染。这种关系在私人威尔斯井中可能更为突出 而在市政饮用水供应中，成品水质量受到水处理的影响 技术.在不同的地理区域，市政水处理有很大的差异 技术和创新技术的不断发展，但很少有信息说明这是如何实现的。 影响自来水中金属浓度的空间模式。在目标1中，我们将描述超级基金的作用 通过开发新的混合机械-经验方法， 利用美国地质勘探局地下水测量数据库， 点源的位置，如超级基金场地，以及影响结果的水文地质特征/预测因素 和微量金属的运输。对于目标2，我们将使用新的测量和模型来确定空间协同， 与人类从饮用水中接触有关的不同金属混合物的出现。该分析将 用于确定项目2中脑类器官体外毒性试验的金属混合物的组成。目标3 将利用城市供水中超过2800万个重金属测量值来实地评估其作用 不同的治疗技术。这将有助于深入了解治疗技术的有效性， 可以帮助通知项目4以及负责补救的超级基金现场经理。这个项目提供 MEMCARE中心的生物医学研究、人类暴露和 项目4正在开发的补救技术。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT In 2016, approximately 15 million people lived within one mile of Superfund sites, including approximately 5% of all children in the United States (US) under 5 years of age. Lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) are among the top ten contaminants on the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s 2017 Substances Priorities List for Superfund sites. These and other metals/metalloids can contaminate surface waters and groundwater systems, leading to elevated exposures through drinking water. Across the US, tens of millions of individuals consume drinking water with concentrations of heavy metals in excess of regulatory guidelines. Exposures to heavy metals have been associated with many negative impacts on public health, including impacts on neurodevelopment and cognitive aging. However, the contribution of different Superfund sites to this contamination problem remains poorly characterized on a national scale. This is important because regulations for drinking water contaminants and risk mitigation actions are often undertaken at the federal level, but most prior work has focused on site-specific studies. Proximity to Superfund sites may be associated with higher risk of contamination by heavy metal mixtures in tap water. This relationship is likely more prominent in private wells than in municipal drinking water supplies, where the finished water quality is influenced by water treatment technologies. Across different geographic areas, there are considerable differences in municipal water treatment technology and continuous development of innovative technologies, but little information is available on how this affects spatial patterns of metal concentrations in tap water. In Aim 1, we will characterize the role of Superfund sites across the country for heavy metals in private wells by developing novel hybrid mechanistic-empirical models for heavy metals across the US using a large database of measurements in groundwater from the USGS, locations of point sources such as Superfund sites, and hydrogeological features/predictors that affect the fate and transport of trace metals. For Aim 2, we will use new measurements and models to identify the spatial co- occurrence of different metal mixtures relevant to human exposures from drinking water. This analysis will be used to identify the composition of metal mixtures for in vitro toxicity tests on brain organoids in Project 2. Aim 3 will leverage >28 million measurements of heavy metals from municipal water supplies to field-evaluate the role of different treatment technologies. This will provide insights into the effectiveness of treatment technologies and can help inform Project 4 as well as Superfund site managers responsible for remediation. This project provides a link between biomedical research in the MEMCARE Center, human exposures, and potential benefits of remediation technology being developed in Project 4.