High Traditional Masculinity and Suicide: Testing Direct, Moderation and Mediation Models

项目摘要 自杀是美国第十大死亡原因，男性第八大死亡原因。 2自杀死亡的男女性别比例很高，这表明自杀死亡的可能途径是 了解自杀行为-确定男性自杀率较高的原因可能 为自杀预防和干预有自杀风险的人提供一个杠杆点。科尔曼和 他的同事们发现，高传统男性气质（HTM）的男性死于自杀的可能性是其他男性的2.4倍。 这是第一项显示这种联系的研究，它与男性角色的理论模型一致 自杀死亡中的社会化15，18，19以及对男性和自杀行为的定性研究。 HTM与自杀死亡的联系7被证明是强大的，它将为性别角色带来新的能量和关注。 自杀预防和干预。综合社会调查-全国死亡指数， 本研究的数据来源是一系列年度或每隔一年的全国代表性调查（GSS） 这与2011年开始的死亡记录相匹配。32，33 GSS-NDI提供了一个无与伦比的机会， 测试HTM与自杀死亡的关系，以提供关于这一变化的第一个已知信息， 性别、年龄和种族/民族，并检查HTM与自杀死亡关系的可能介质 包括自杀的可接受性和外化行为。大多数关于男子气概和自杀意念的研究， 尝试使用男性规范或男性意识形态认可的自我报告措施，5，6而我们的 研究小组正在开发使用性别角色取向的间接潜在概率模型，即m-f因素， 对自杀研究来说是新颖的，但以前也曾在其他实质性领域使用过Add Health量表48，49 其他大型队列研究。50继科尔曼和同事2020年之后，我们将对得分为1的标准进行编码 与HTM相比，m-f因子偏差或更高。将使用考克斯生存模型检验以下因素的直接关系： HTM，人口统计学对HTM-自杀关系的调节，以及HTM-自杀的介导因子 关系自杀研究中m-f因素的新颖使用，以及将研究与死亡联系起来的创新 记录，解锁了研究男性气质对自杀死亡的影响的潜力。代表性样品GSS- NDI在自杀死者中提供了前所未有的年龄，性别和种族/民族多样性， 一个强大的和微妙的测试的男性自杀死亡假设，推进科学的男性和 自杀超越理论联系和初步结果。

Project Summary Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the US, and the eighth in men.17 In the US, approximately 75% of suicide deaths are among men.2 The large male-female gender ratio in suicide deaths points to a possible pathway to understanding suicidal behavior – identifying what accounts for the greater prevalence of male suicides may provide a leverage point for suicide prevention and intervention with those at risk of suicide. Coleman and colleagues’ finding that high traditional masculinity (HTM) men were 2.4 times more likely to die by suicide7 was the first study to show this connection, and it is consistent with theoretical models of the role of masculinity socialization in suicide death15,18,19 and qualitative studies of men and suicidality.20 If the preliminary evidence of a link of HTM to suicide death7 is shown to be robust, it will bring new energy and attention to gender-role informed suicide prevention and intervention. The General Social Survey – National Death Index (GSS-NDI), the data source for this study, is a series of annual or every-other year nationally representative surveys (the GSS) that was matched with death records starting in 2011.32,33 The GSS-NDI provides an unparalleled opportunity to test the relationship of HTM to suicide death, to provide the first known information about how this varies by gender, age and race/ethnicity, and to examine possible mediators of the relationship of HTM to suicide death including suicide acceptability and externalizing behavior. Most research on masculinity and suicidal ideation or attempts uses self-report measures of endorsement of masculine norms or masculinity ideology,5,6 while our research group is developing use of an indirect latent probability model of gender role orientation, the m-f factor, novel to suicide research but previously used in other substantive areas with the Add Health dataset48,49 as well other large cohort studies.50 Following Coleman and colleagues 2020, we will code those scoring 1 standard deviation or higher on m-f factor as HTM. Cox survival modeling will be used to test the direct relationship of HTM, moderation of the HTM – suicide relationship by demographics, and mediators of the HTM-suicide relationship. The novel use of m-f factor in suicide research, paired with the innovation of linking studies to death records, unlocks the potential to study the effect of masculinity on suicide death. The representative sample GSS- NDI delivers an unprecedented diversity of age, gender and race/ethnicity among suicide decedents, providing a robust and nuanced test of the masculinity-suicide death hypothesis, advancing the science of masculinity and suicide beyond theorized linkages and preliminary results.