Do peers enhance or detract progress in group MI? A look into emerging adult brain and behavior

项目摘要 目前，酒精是美国未达到法律的饮酒年龄（未成年人）的新兴成年人使用的最多的物质 新兴成人; U-EA;年龄18-20）。虽然饮酒率最近呈下降趋势，但2021年全国 数据反映了青年饮酒在所有指标上的上升。这在青年安全方面具有重要意义， 神经发育U-EA酒精使用的核心挑战之一是，年轻人不太可能寻求， 接受或完成指示的酒精干预。反过来，必须找到简短有效的干预措施， 有效地干预U-EA危险酒精使用。此外，发育神经科学文献 有力地反映了同龄人在这个发展窗口期间拥有更高的神经显着性，如以下所示： 青少年在与真实的和/或模拟的同龄人的条件下的差异神经反应，即使这些同龄人 不是朋友，尤其是在酒精的背景下。此外，研究发现， 伴随着激活积极的（亲社会）神经和行为反应，在这个年龄组，这有 在消极和积极的同伴反馈条件下被观察到。消极同伴和积极同伴的作用 鉴于最广泛使用的U-EA干预服务提供方法之一是 基于组的格式。在这里，我们的目标是建立在PI费尔德斯坦尤因的15年历史的连续NIH- 资助青年转化（大脑：行为）方法，评估青年内部 会话因素，青年神经反应，以及随后的行为变化。在独立样本中，我们 一个研究小组发现了一种对基于MI的干预的独特的发育大脑反应模式，主要是局部的 默认模式网络（DMN）区域[楔前叶，后中央皮层（PCC）]。对这项提议至关重要的是， 这种观察到的DMN激活检查会话内因素（客户语言;治疗师语言）， 与治疗后青少年物质相关行为改变显著相关。因此，我们回应 PAR-21-280特别关注的通知：“二元人际过程和生物心理社会结果”， 我建议使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来分解U-EA之间的相互作用， 脑反应之间的小组MI参与者（同伴二人组）和他们的干预结果， 研究不足，但广泛使用的组MI上下文。在这项研究中，我们将评估如何对等二元 MI干预期间的交流与青年的大脑和行为变化相关（目标1） 并评估青少年大脑反应和行为改变之间的前瞻性关系（目标2）。 数据对于指导和改善U-EA的行为干预规划至关重要， 危险的酒精使用 这些

PROJECT SUMMARY At this time, alcohol is the top substance used by US emerging adults under the legal drinking age (underage emerging adults; U-EA; ages 18-20). While drinking rates had recently been trending downward, 2021 national data reflect rises in youth drinking across all metrics. This is highly consequential in terms of youth safety and neurodevelopment. One of the central challenges of U-EA alcohol use is that youth are unlikely to seek, receive, or complete indicated alcohol intervention. In turn, it is imperative to find brief, effective interventions to impactfully intervene with U-EA hazardous alcohol use. Additionally, the developmental neuroscience literature robustly reflects that peers hold higher neural salience during this developmental window, as evidenced by youths’ differential neural response in conditions with real and/or simulated peers, even when those peers were not friends, and particularly in the context of alcohol. Furthermore, studies are recognizing that peers concomitantly activate positive (prosocial) neural and behavioral responses in this age group, and this has been observed in conditions of negative and positive peer feedback. The role of negative and positive peer feedback is consequential given that one of most widely-used U-EA intervention service delivery methods are group-based formats. Here, we aim to build upon PI Feldstein Ewing’s 15 year history of continuous NIH- funding in youth translational (brain:behavioral) approaches evaluating the relationship between youth within- session factors, youth neural response, and subsequent behavior change. Across independent samples, our team has found a pattern of distinct developmental brain response to MI-based interventions, largely localized to default mode network (DMN) regions [precuneus, posterior central cortex (PCC)]. Critical to this proposal, this observed DMN activation to examined within-session factors (client language; therapist language) has been significantly associated with post-treatment youth substance-related behavior change. We thus respond to PAR-21-280 Notice of Special Interest: “Dyadic Interpersonal Process and Biopsychosocial Outcomes” and propose to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to disaggregate the interaction between U-EA brain response among group MI participants (peer dyads) and their intervention outcomes in the underexamined, but widely-utilized group MI context. In this study, we will evaluate how peer-to-peer dyadic exchanges during group MI interventions are associated with youth brain-based and behavior changes (Aim 1) and evaluate prospective relationships between youth brain response and behavior change (Aim 2). data are crucial for guiding and improving behavioral intervention programming for U-EA engaged in hazardous alcohol use. These