Sleep as a Mechanism and Moderator in the Development of Health Disparities

项目总结 美国年轻人的睡眠不足是一个主要的公共健康问题，可能会损害精神 身体健康、认知功能和压力反应系统。这项研究中的重大差距 包括对适应和适应不良长期发展轨迹的调查很少 在社会经济和种族/族裔差异的背景下，与睡眠障碍有关。识别 解释自闭症和睡眠中的种族差异和更广泛的健康结果的机制，以及因素 预防或防止更广泛的健康差距是高度科学优先事项(健康人2030)。 这项拟议的研究解决了这些差距，并推进了父母补助的发现。该设计建立在一个 对青少年(16-19岁；n=300)进行的具有良好特征的两波研究，涉及另外两波 年轻人(约21-24岁；目标n=300)；分析还将利用现有数据作为次样本 (n=199)儿童时期(9、10、11岁)。样本由来自半个国家的年轻人组成。 阿拉巴马州农村；54%的妇女；黑人参与者的高比例(39%)和社会经济逆境。 这个样本是独一无二的，在文献中的代表性很低，是测试研究问题的理想选择。 设计的优点包括样本数量大、种类繁多、保留率高、广度和严谨 跨重要结果领域的测量，一种跨越青春期和年轻人的四波设计 成年期，一个大样本，在童年时期有三个额外的波，以及对长期轨迹的分析 对身心健康、认知功能和自主神经系统活动的影响。迈向科学 将使用严谨和可重复性、完善的程序、调查问卷、硬件和软件。 睡眠是通过活动记录仪和主观检查进行客观检查的。可比的长期健康调查 利用客观评估的睡眠和多个健康领域的发展轨迹的差异 这样的样本并不存在。这项研究将促进人们对睡眠的长期影响的理解 在社会经济和种族健康差距的背景下的发展，通过确定睡眠在 传播风险或起到脆弱性或保护性因素的作用。研究目标与 2021年美国国立卫生研究院睡眠研究计划的战略目标和重点研究领域，包括推进 了解睡眠对社会经济弱势群体健康差距的影响 小规模的团体。研究结果将有助于识别最有可能出现负面健康结果的个人， 确定预防和干预的行为和生态目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY Sleep deprivation in American youth and young adults is a major public health problem and can impair mental and physical health, cognitive functioning and stress response systems. Significant gaps in this research include scarce investigations of long- term developmental trajectories of adaptation and maladaptation associated with sleep disturbances in the context of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities. Identifying mechanisms that explain SES and racial disparities in sleep and broader health outcomes, as well as factors that prevent or protect against broader health disparities are high scientific priorities (Healthy People 2030). The proposed study addresses these gaps and advances parent grant discoveries. The design builds on a well-characterized two-wave study with adolescents (16-19 years; n=300) and involves two additional waves with young adults (~ 21-24 years; target n=300); analyses will also capitalize on existing data for a subsample (n=199) who participated during childhood (9,10,11 years). The sample consists of young adults from semi- rural Alabama; 54% women; high representation of Black participants (39%) and socioeconomic adversity. This sample is unique, underrepresented in the literature, and ideal for testing the research questions. Strengths of the design include the large and diverse sample, high retention rates, breadth and rigor of measurement across important outcome domains, a four-wave design spanning adolescence and young adulthood, a large subsample with three additional waves in childhood, and analyses of long-term trajectories of mental and physical health, cognitive functioning and autonomic nervous system activity. Towards scientific rigor and reproducibility, well-established procedures, questionnaires, hardware and software will be used. Sleep is examined objectively with actigraphy and subjectively. Comparable long-term investigations of health disparities utilizing objectively-assessed sleep and developmental trajectories of multiple health domains in such a sample do not exist. The study will advance understanding of the long-term effects of sleep across development in the context of socioeconomic and racial health disparities by identifying the role of sleep in transmitting risk or functioning as a vulnerability or protective factor. Study goals are consistent with the strategic goals and high-priority research areas of the 2021 NIH Sleep Research Plan including advancing understanding of sleep’s contributions to health disparities in socioeconomically disadvantaged and minoritized groups. Findings will help identify individuals at greatest risk for negative health outcomes and identify behavioral and ecological targets for prevention and intervention.