Center for Native American Environmental Health Equity Research

摘要：总体-中心为本土环境健康研究公平 美国近一半的美洲原住民人口居住在西部13个州， 估计有161，000个废弃的硬岩矿，其中4，000多个是废弃的铀矿。 由于他们依赖自然资源来维持传统的饮食、生活方式、习俗和语言， 这些部落社区直接和频繁地接触来自废弃矿场的金属混合物， 通过多种途径造成接触，包括吸入、饮用水和食物摄入， 直接或间接受到废物迁移的污染。加剧这些风险的是 基础设施，包括安全饮用水和固体废物管理等服务。缺乏有效的固体- 废物管理在历史上导致固体废物的燃烧和露天倾倒，但随着不断的- 越来越多的塑料进入废物流，这种低温，不完全燃烧， 我们的部落伙伴越来越关注气候变化过程以及风化造成的环境退化， 塑料的有毒降解产物排放到环境中。关于如何 这些过程中产生的有毒物质和我们已经与免疫功能障碍联系在一起的金属， 这些社区促成了第二阶段的本土EH权益提案。我们发现金属混合物 在我们三个合作的土著社区的不同暴露情况：纳瓦霍，Apsáalooke， 夏延河苏族。虽然我们在这些群体中看到了免疫功能障碍的共性， 这可能会导致癌症和其他慢性疾病的差异，但金属暴露本身并不 承担所有风险。因此，在这个第二阶段中心，我们将了解新兴的 额外的塑料降解污染物概况，评估微塑料的成分和分布， 其他降解产物，沿着采掘业的排放， 化学品，在固定和移动的接触评估。我们将监测牲畜的放牧模式 以及通过空气、植物和水的消耗以及家中的固定设备而产生的暴露 和移动的监测，以评估接触成分和途径 贡献最大的风险，最终目标是制定个人和部落的缓解战略， 为决策和政策提供信息，以减少与癌症和其他慢性病增加有关的风险 这些社区的差异。由此产生的精细预测模型，通过地面验证， 监测和多个风险流的整合将提供一种资源，不仅可以为政策提供信息， 还能帮助临床医生识别早期风险，以制定预防策略。

SUMMARY: OVERALL - Center for Native Environmental Health Research Equity Nearly half of the Native American population of the United States lives in 13 western states in proximity of an estimated 161,000 abandoned hardrock mines, with more than 4,000 being abandoned uranium mines. Because of their reliance on natural resources to maintain traditional diets, lifestyles, customs and languages, these tribal communities have direct and frequent contact with metal mixtures from abandoned mine sites, creating exposures through multiple pathways including inhalation, drinking water, and ingestion of foods either directly or indirectly contaminated by migration of the wastes. Exacerbating these exposures are disparities in infrastructure, including services like safe drinking water and solid waste management. Lack of effective solid- waste management resulted historically in burning and open dumping of solid waste, but with the ever- increasing amounts of plastic entering the waste stream, the low-temperature, incomplete combustion of this process, and the environmental degradation through weathering, our tribal partners are increasingly concerned about the emissions of toxic degradation products of plastics into their environment. The concerns over how the combined toxicants from these processes and the metals we have already linked to immune dysfunction in these communities have led to this Phase 2 Native EH Equity proposal. We have found metals mixtures result in different exposure profiles across our three partnering indigenous communities: Navajo, Apsáalooke, and Cheyenne River Sioux. And while we see commonalities in immune dysfunction across these communities that can contribute to disparities in cancer and other chronic diseases, the metals exposures alone do not account for all of the risk. Therefore, in this Phase 2 Center we will develop an understanding of the emerging additional plastic degradation contaminant profiles, evaluating constituents and distribution of microplastics and other degradation products, along with emissions from extractive industries that could add to these classes of chemicals, in both stationary and mobile exposure assessments. We will monitor grazing patterns of livestock and their resulting exposures through air and consumption of plants and water, as well as stationary in-home and mobile monitoring on people during their normal activities to evaluate exposure components and pathways contributing the greatest risk with the ultimate goal of developing mitigation strategies at individual and tribal levels to inform decisions and policies to reduce the risks linked to increasing cancer and other chronic disease disparities in these communities. The resulting fine-scale predictive models, ground-truthed through monitoring, and the integration of multiple exposure streams will provide a resource to not only inform policy, but aid clinicians in identifying early risks to develop prevention strategies as well.