Neurocognitive Mechanisms Linking Early Parent-Child Relationship Quality to Transdiagnostic Psychopathology at School Age

项目总结/摘要 精神疾病的早期发作与满足以下标准的可能性增加有关： 额外的疾病和功能受损。因此，旨在防止或减少 在生命的早期发展和维持精神病理学是非常有价值的，特别是当专注于 确定早期可改变的风险因素和对发展最为突出的机制。整体 本研究的目的是探讨婴儿期亲子关系如何， 幼儿期-一个敏感的时期，包括增加的神经可塑性和敏感性的质量， 这种关系最终影响了转诊断精神病理学的发展及其 潜在的神经认知机制此外，为了解决缺乏关于以下方面重要性的研究的问题， 我们将探讨母亲和父亲在儿童发展方面的独特贡献， 儿童精神病理学的发展及其潜在的神经认知机制。基于先验 理论和经验证据，我们假设，学前执行控制将是一种机制，通过 婴儿期和幼儿期的母子关系和父子关系的质量会影响 p因子的发展，这是一种普遍共有的症状维度，几乎是所有形式的 精神病理学为了验证这一假设，相互反应的综合全面的结构 定向（MRO）将在婴儿期的母子关系和父子关系中观察到， 幼儿期作为学龄前儿童执行控制和精神病理学一般因素的预测因子 学龄。MRO捕捉了一个二元关系质量水平，包括协调的日常工作，和谐的 沟通，相互合作，和情感氛围（高MRO）和适应不良的素质， 关系，如敌对的沟通，缺乏反应，和高水平的负面影响（低 MRO）。研究目标将在159个家庭（母亲、父亲和孩子）的既定样本中进行， 在目标儿童1岁和2岁时完成了观察范式。幼儿园主管 在5岁时，将使用由9项执行功能任务组成的综合性实验室电池来测量控制力 年儿童一般精神病理学将使用母亲和父亲的报告进行测量， 可靠的，和发展适当的心理病理学问卷的儿童内化问题， 外化问题，以及参与儿童7岁时的情绪失调。发现是 预计将确定可修改的目标，以便在了解发展情况的基础上开展预防和干预工作， 在减少执行功能障碍和随后的几乎所有形式的精神病理学的发展 在整个生命周期中。

Project Summary/Abstract Earlier onset of a psychiatric disorder is associated with an increased likelihood of meeting criteria for additional disorders and impaired functioning across the lifespan. Thus, efforts aimed at preventing or reducing the development and maintenance of psychopathology early in life are of great value, especially when focused on identifying early modifiable risk factors and mechanisms most salient to its development. The overall objective of the present study is to investigate how the parent-child relationship across infancy and toddlerhood – a sensitive period consisting of increased neuroplasticity and sensitivity to the quality of the caregiving relationship – ultimately impacts the development of transdiagnostic psychopathology and its underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. Additionally, to address the dearth of research on the importance of fathers on children’s development, we will examine the unique contributions of both mothers and fathers in the development of children’s psychopathology and its underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. Based on prior theory and empirical evidence, we hypothesize that preschool executive control will be a mechanism through which the quality of both the mother-child and father-child relationship in infancy and toddlerhood impacts the development of the p-factor, a general shared dimension of symptoms that underlies nearly all forms of psychopathology. To test this hypothesis, the integrative, comprehensive construct of mutually responsive orientation (MRO) will be observed in both the mother-child and father-child relationships during infancy and toddlerhood as predictors of child executive control in preschool and the general factor of psychopathology at school age. MRO captures a dyadic level of relationship quality comprised of coordinated routines, harmonious communication, mutual cooperation, and emotional ambience (high MRO) and maladaptive qualities of the relationship such as hostile communication, lack of responsiveness, and high levels of negative affect (low MRO). Study aims will be pursued in an established sample of 159 families (mother, father, and child) who have completed observational paradigms when the target child was 1 and 2 years of age. Preschool executive control will be measured using a comprehensive, laboratory battery of nine executive functioning tasks at age 5 years. Child general psychopathology will be measured using both mother and father reports of well-validated, reliable, and developmentally appropriate psychopathology questionnaires of child internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and emotion dysregulation when participating children turn 7 years of age. Findings are expected to identify modifiable targets for developmentally informed prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing executive dysfunction and the subsequent development of nearly all forms of psychopathology across the lifespan.