Psychosocial and Neighborhood Mechanisms and Consequences of Black-White Sleep Disparities on Cognition

项目摘要 在认知能力和认知障碍风险方面已经观察到了黑人和白人的差异， 特别是阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆（ADRD）。很少有研究调查睡眠是如何 可能进一步解释这些差异，特别是考虑到睡眠障碍在黑人中很常见。 由于在中年人中观察到了认知和睡眠的差异，因此这部分人的睡眠质量下降。 寿命是理想的研究睡眠和认知能力下降之间的联系，以及潜在的 影响睡眠和/或认知的社会心理、环境和生物标志物因素 差距。在接下来的4年里，这项研究将每年收集睡眠持续时间和质量的指标， 认知功能，炎症生物标志物（例如，CRP，IL-6），生活压力和弹性因素（例如， 精神，应对）在中年黑人和白色参与者的样本，从健康老龄化， 生命周期中的多样性社区（Handls）。本研究的总体目标是 识别黑白睡眠差异的机制以及解释黑白睡眠差异的机制 ADRD风险的差异。中心假设是睡眠中的种族差异将与 认知能力下降的种族差异在研究人员先前研究的指导下， 将进行测试：1）确定睡眠和移动的日常耦合是否存在种族差异 认知表现以及这种耦合的差异是否受到生活压力的调节（例如， 经济压力和邻里关系障碍）; 2）测试睡眠和 在移动的认知评估上的表现，并探讨生活压力源、保护因素 (e.g.,灵性和邻里凝聚力）和炎症; 3）为了确定 睡眠和移动的认知评估的日常耦合强度与种族有关， 4年来认知能力下降的传统临床指标的差异，并阐明 炎症的潜在介导作用。这种方法是创新的，因为它不仅会检查 随着时间的推移，睡眠和认知功能之间的联系，但也将研究生活的关系 压力源、睡眠、炎症生物标志物和/或弹性因素对认知能力下降的种族差异的影响。 拟议的研究是有意义的，因为它有可能确定心理社会和背景因素 与睡眠和认知受损有关，可以作为循证行为或 政策干预。

PROJECT SUMMARY Black-White differences have been observed in cognitive performance and risk for cognitive impairment, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Few studies have examined how sleep may further explain these disparities, especially considering that sleep disturbances are common in Blacks. Since disparities in cognition and sleep have been observed in middle-aged adults, this portion of the lifespan is ideal to investigate the association between sleep and cognitive decline as well as the underlying psychosocial, contextual, and biomarker factors that influence sleep and/or cognitive Black-White disparities. Every year for 4 years, the proposed study will collect measures of sleep duration and quality, cognitive functioning, inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., CRP, IL-6), life stressors, and resilience factors (e.g., spirituality, coping) in a sample of middle-aged Black and White participants from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. The overall objective of this study is to identify mechanisms of Black-White sleep disparities and the mechanisms that account for Black-White differences in ADRD risk. The central hypothesis is that racial disparities in sleep will be associated with racial disparities in cognitive decline. Guided by the investigators’ previous research, three specific aims will be tested: 1) To determine if there are racial differences in the daily coupling of sleep and mobile cognitive performance and whether differences in this coupling are moderated by life stressors (e.g., financial strain and neighborhood disorder); 2) To test longitudinal associations among sleep and performance on mobile cognitive assessments and explore the role of life stressors, protective factors (e.g., spirituality and neighborhood cohesion) and inflammation; 3) To determine whether changes in the strength of the daily coupling of sleep and performance on mobile cognitive assessments relate to racial differences in traditional clinical measures of cognitive decline over 4 years, and to elucidate the potential mediational role of inflammation. This approach is innovative because it will not only examine the association between sleep and cognitive functioning over time, but will also examine the relationship of life stressors, sleep, inflammatory biomarkers, and/or resilient factors on racial disparities in cognitive decline. The proposed research is significant because of its potential to identify psychosocial and contextual factors related to impaired sleep and cognition that could serve as the basis for evidence-based behavioral or policy interventions.