Activity Space Adversity and Racial Disparities in Adolescent Health

项目总结 此前的研究已经证明，黑人和白人之间的生理压力水平存在显著差异。 在青春期识别个体，从发展的角度来看，这是一个特别重要的时期， 这可能会在成年后形成慢性病的差异。拟议的项目旨在探索 暴露于活动的多个维度--空间逆境(ASA)--包括区域级暴力，加剧 警务和种族排他性-在促进日常(实时)物理和 心理不安全及其对解释种族生理应激差异的贡献 青春期(目标1)。我们还将考虑ASA暴露、不安全认知和 生理应激作为物质使用和心理健康结果的预测因子(目标2)。我们将探索 缓和他人的影响力--感知到的种族--或一个人相信他人感知到的程度 他们在公共互动中的黑人种族--关于ASA暴露和不安全对生理压力和 健康结果。该项目将收集与AIM相关的数据，这些数据涉及居住在 俄亥俄州哥伦布大都市区采用创新的两阶段设计：第一阶段将生产丰富的 横断面数据(N=700)，包括青年及其照顾者的标准调查项目；青年估计数 来自自我报告的例行活动地点的ASA暴露，结合广泛的上下文评级和 管理数据、生理应激标记物(皮质醇和炎症)和健康结果。第二 该阶段将包括为期六个月的补充密集纵向数据收集阶段 使用新的基于曝光的采样策略选择的第一阶段青年(N=300)的子样本的周期。 在此补充阶段收集的数据将包括史无前例的连续高 分辨率GPS跟踪；感知的心理和身体安全的生态瞬时评估； 连续检测心率变异性；以及在 三个额外的时间点。除了对项目产生的新数据源进行分析外，通过绘制 基于之前由以下机构进行的青少年健康与发展背景研究(2014-2016)的数据 我们的研究小组，我们还将检查最近在ASA暴露方面的历史变化，安全和种族差异 生理压力及其对健康的影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY Prior research has documented substantial differences in levels of physiological stress among Black- and White- identifying individuals during adolescence, a period of particular importance from a developmental perspective, which may shape disparities in chronic disease in adulthood. The proposed project seeks to explore the role of exposure to multiple dimensions of activity-space adversity (ASA) – including area-level violence, elevated policing, and racial exclusivity – in contributing to everyday (real-time) perceptions of both physical and psychological unsafety and their contribution to explaining racial physiological stress disparities during adolescence (Aim 1). We will also consider the impact of ASA exposures, unsafety perceptions, and physiological stress as predictors of substance use and mental health outcomes (Aim 2). We will explore the moderating influence of other-perceived race – or the degree to which an individual believes others perceive their race to be Black in public interactions – on ASA exposure and unsafety effects on physiological stress and health outcomes. The project will collect aim-relevant data on a racially diverse cohort of adolescents residing in the Columbus, OH metropolitan area employing an innovative two-stage design: The first phase will produce rich cross-sectional data (N=700) including standard survey items for youth and their caregivers; estimates of youth ASA exposures from self-reported routine activity locations combined with extensive contextual ratings and administrative data, physiological stress markers (cortisol and inflammatory), and health outcomes. The second phase will involve a supplemental intensive longitudinal data collection period taking place over a six-month period for a subsample of Phase 1 youth (N=300) selected using a novel exposure-based sampling strategy. Data collected during this supplemental phase will include an unprecedented combination of continuous high- resolution GPS tracking; ecological momentary assessments of perceived psychological and physical safety; continuously-sensed heart rate variability; and hair cortisol concentration and C-reactive protein measured at three additional time points. In addition to analyses of the novel data sources produced by the project, by drawing on data from the Adolescent Health and Development in Context Study (2014-2016) previously conducted by our study team, we will also examine recent historical changes in ASA exposures, racial disparities in safety and physiological stress, and their health consequences.