Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics for Precision Weight-Loss Diet Interventions

摘要 过多的餐后血糖已成为调节能量摄入和导致肥胖的关键因素 和心脏代谢性疾病，最近的研究突出了日益增长的重要性和迫切需要测绘 精准营养和饮食干预中餐后血糖反应的个体差异。这个 拟议的系统研究旨在填补这一重大研究空白。我们的研究将建立在无与伦比的 来自三项饮食干预试验和队列的互补资源：OmniCarb试验、The Pound 失败的试验，以及精密健康研究(PHS)。我们将分析通常的禁食水平之间的联系 血浆代谢组和餐后代谢组学变化与餐后血糖反应 挑战测试(目标1)；分析餐后动态变化(5周、6个月和24个月) 血糖指数(GI)和/或变化的饮食干预对血糖变异性相关代谢物的响应 碳水化合物摄入量(目标2)。我们还将研究餐后血糖变化的关系。 与变化相关的代谢物与食欲、能量摄入和消耗的变化(目标3)。此外，我们 将考察与餐后血糖变异性相关的时间序列和调节效应 饮食干预与心脏代谢变化之间的关系中的代谢物(目标4)。建议数 该项目很好地符合美国国立卫生研究院对营养遗传学和营养基因组学方法的特殊兴趣 研究(NOT-DK-19-019)‘和精准营养。我们的研究将提供对内在的 餐后血糖反应中个体变异性的决定因素，并对 开发新的精准饮食干预措施。我们的研究结果将对公众健康产生广泛的影响。 适用性和临床意义。

Abstract Excessive postprandial glycemia has emerged as a key factor regulating energy intakes and driving obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, and recent studies highlight the rising importance and urgent need of mapping the individual variability of postprandial glycemic response in precision nutrition and diet interventions. The proposed systems study aims to fill this significant research gap. Our study will build upon the unparalleled and complementary resources from three diet intervention trials and cohort: The OmniCarb trial, The POUNDS LOST trial, and The Precision Health Study (PHS). We will analyze associations of the usual levels of fasting plasma metabolome and postprandial metabolomic changes with postprandial glycemic response in the meal challenge tests (Aim 1); and analyze the dynamic changes (5 weeks, 6 and 24 months) in postprandial glycemic variability-related metabolites in response to diet interventions varying in glycemic index (GI) and/or carbohydrate intakes (Aim 2). We will also examine the relations of changes in postprandial glycemic variability-related metabolites with changes in appetite, energy intake and expenditure (Aim 3). In addition, we will examine the temporal sequence and mediation effects of postprandial glycemic variability-related metabolites in the relation between diet interventions and cardiometabolic changes (Aim 4). The proposed project aligns well with the special interest of NIH in ‘Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Approaches for Nutrition Research (NOT-DK-19-019)’ and precision nutrition. Our study will provide novel insights into the intrinsic determinants of individual variability in postprandial glycemic response, and contribute significantly to the development of novel precision diet interventions. The findings from our study will have wide public health applicability and clinical implications.