Training to Enhance Alignment of Psychiatry and Neuroscience

摘要 麦克莱恩医院的这一博士后培训计划旨在解决精神病学和 神经科学培训限制了跨学科的有效沟通和将发现转化为 新的治疗方法。在精神病学方面，技术的快速发展正在改变精神疾病的治疗方式 被诊断、治疗和研究。在人类中，大脑成像的不断完善，增加了对 智能设备和遗传工具效率的提高是使 对健康和异常的大脑功能以及影响大脑功能的分子因素有了全新的见解 对疾病的脆弱性。在动物模型系统中，精确度也有相应的演变 探索和剖析动机和情绪行为背后的神经回路的分子技术。 尽管取得了这些进展，精神病学和神经科学继续并行发展，鲜有例子。 在那里，各个领域已经结盟，为人类健康带来了变革性的变化。这种平行关系的一个指标 进化是新疗法开发的停滞；事实上，开发具有新疗法的中枢神经系统药物的困难 机制导致了行业的大规模撤资。虽然导致这些失败的因素很多，但大多数 与缺乏关键发现的前向(动物对人)和后向(人对动物)翻译有关， 这导致了模型系统在药物开发中的有用性的问题。增强对齐 精神病学和神经科学是促进临床和基础研究中与翻译相关的发现的关键 研究。凭借其结合的临床、研究和学术使命，McLean处于最有利的地位 在精神病学和神经科学之间建立更有影响力的互动方面发挥关键作用。研究正在发生 In&gt；100个实验室，涉及相互交织在一起的临床、临床前和基础神经科学项目，位于相邻的实验室 或邻近建筑物，使临床医生、神经科学家和受训人员(住院医生、 博士后、学生)。作为一家独立的精神病院-常年在这一类别中排名第一-有 在广泛的NIMH相关领域的专业知识。麦克莱恩拥有独特的属性，包括 精神病学中的技术，以促进人类和动物研究的结合。此T32程序将 每年提供6个名额的资源，以支持博士后实习生各种经验的活动 最高可达3年。主要目标包括：(1)向不同背景的受训者展示 从临床护理到基础神经科学研究，反之亦然；(2)提供全面的培训，以 优先考虑新兴技术，如数字表型、生物标记物和遗传学，以实现严格的研究 人类和动物的同源终端，(3)通过双重导师确保平衡体验 互补的专业知识，以及(4)利用双重导师制设计来培训新兴导师。进展 实现这些目标将由McLean领导团队和外部咨询委员会监督 由世界知名的精神病学、神经科学、培训和治疗学发展专家组成。

SUMMARY This postdoctoral training program at McLean Hospital is designed to address gaps in psychiatry and neuroscience training that limit effective communication across disciplines and translation of discoveries into new treatments. In psychiatry, rapid advances in technology are changing the ways in which psychiatric illness is diagnosed, treated, and studied. In humans, continued refinements in brain imaging, increasing utilization of smart devices, and improvements in the efficiency of genetic tools are among developments enabling fundamentally new insights into healthy and aberrant brain function, as well as molecular factors that contribute to vulnerability to illness. In animal model systems, there has been a corresponding evolution of precision molecular techniques to probe and dissect the neural circuitry underlying motivational and emotional behavior. Despite these advances, psychiatry and neuroscience continue to evolve in parallel, with precious few examples where the fields have aligned to produce transformative changes in human health. One indicator of this parallel evolution is stagnation in development of new treatments; indeed, difficulties in developing CNS drugs with new mechanisms have led to a massive divestment by industry. While many factors contribute to these failures, most are related to a lack of forward- (animal to human) and back- (human to animal) translation of key discoveries, leading to questions about the usefulness of model systems in drug development. Enhancing alignment of psychiatry and neuroscience is critical to invigorate translationally-relevant discoveries in clinical and basic research. With its combined clinical, research, and academic missions, McLean is optimally positioned to play a key role in establishing more impactful interactions between psychiatry and neuroscience. Research occurs in >100 labs across clinical, preclinical, and basic neuroscience programs that are intertwined, in adjacent labs or neighboring buildings, enabling routine interactions among clinicians, neuroscientists, and trainees (residents, postdocs, students). As a freestanding psychiatric hospital—perennially ranked #1 in this category—there is expertise in a broad range of NIMH-relevant domains. McLean has unique attributes, including the Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, to facilitate efforts to align research in humans and animals. This T32 program will provide resources for 6 slots per year to support activities for postdoctoral trainees across a range of experience levels for up to 3 years. The main objectives include (1) exposing a diverse group of trainees with backgrounds in clinical care to basic neuroscience research, and vice-versa, (2) providing comprehensive training that prioritizes emerging technologies such as digital phenotyping, biomarkers, and genetics to enable rigorous study of homologous endpoints in humans and animals, (3) ensuring a balanced experience via dual mentors with complementary expertise, and (4) leveraging the dual mentorship design to train emerging mentors. Progress towards these goals will be overseen by a McLean leadership team and an External Advisory Committee comprising world-renowned experts in psychiatry, neuroscience, training, and therapeutics development.