NUMERICAL COMPETENCE IN PAN TROGLODYTES

对非英语专业学生数学能力的认识 人类物种可以为澄清这一问题做出重大贡献 认知加工的理论进化变化 门。在拟议的研究中，黑猩猩之前接受过训练， 各种与数字相关的任务，包括生产性和 阿拉伯数字符号的接受性使用，将测试 对常态的敏感性。这些任务将需要 运用传递性推理进行逻辑推理，并将 提供重要的经验证据，证明黑猩猩可能是 能够真正地数数，就像在很小的孩子身上表现出来的那样。 这些发现，加上之前展示的能力 在动物中进行一对一的通信，多产和 同质和异质阵列的接受性标记 数字的函数用法和基本的算术过程 (此外，身份)将为计数提供关键证据 对动物数量相关行为的解释。培训 还将继续对功能号码的使用进行持续研究 (0-5)，包括额外的阿拉伯数字6和7以及 黑猩猩初级算术加工的研究。

An understanding of the capacity for numerical competence in non- human species could contribute significantly toward clarifying theoretical evolutionary changes in cognitive processing across phyla. In the proposed studies, chimpanzees previously trained on a variety of number-related tasks, including productive and receptive use of Arabic number symbols, will be tested for sensitivity to ordinality. These tasks will require the utilization of transitive inference logical reasoning, and will provide important empirical evidence that the chimpanzee may be capable of true counting, as demonstrated with very young children. These findings, together with previously demonstrated capabilities in the animals for one-to-one correspondence, productive and receptive labelling of homogeneous and heterogeneous arrays, the functional use of numbers, and rudimentary arithmetic processes (addition, identity) would provide critical evidence for a counting explanation for the animals' number-related behaviors. Training will also continue with on-going studies of functional number use (0-5), to include the additional Arabic numbers 6 & 7, as well as studies of rudimentary arithmetic processing in the chimpanzee.