BEHAVOIRAL MODULATION OF INFERIOR OLIVE RESPONSES

我们实验室研究的总体目标是了解 神经系统用来控制动作的信号。 我们特别 对达成运动感兴趣，并参与一个结构， 小脑，在指导和控制到达。 小脑 损伤，虽然造成的认知缺陷很少，但会导致严重的 在进行精确协调的伸展运动方面存在缺陷。 我们的建议 是研究小脑的一个输入系统，攀爬纤维 系统，以了解它提供给小脑的信息， 动作 我们特别感兴趣的是运动信号是如何改变 信息携带的攀爬纤维，也就是说，输出如何影响 输入？ 我们已经为猫开发了一个达到的范例，它允许我们记录 从低级橄榄，攀援纤维系统的来源，而 猫伸出手去抓住一个杠杆，接受鳕鱼肝鸡肉泥 油，猫的高偏好食物。 在杠杆回收过程中， 利用伺服电机引入臂的扰动。 猫 很快学会适应扰动来接收食物。 我们 对攀爬纤维系统在 调整期。 其他实验将在急性 麻醉的准备工作，以确定电路负责攀登 纤维反应修饰 随着技术的进步，人们对机器人技术产生了浓厚的兴趣， 假肢装置 尽管我们不认为模仿小脑 在可预见的未来，行动完全可以完成，这是相当 可能的是，运动控制的整体方案所使用的神经 系统将在开发高效的机器人设备方面具有价值。 没有 机器可以像机器一样顺利或准确地伸出手来抓住物体。 这是机器人的基本目标。 它也是 瘫痪的人最需要的运动 我们研究的另一个可能的应用是神经外科。 我们 位于神经研究所，并与神经外科医生互动， 在手术室遇到的实际问题。 我们最近 与桑塔格和帕帕斯博士一起完成了贝尔十字架的解剖工作 麻痹症，上肢的选择性麻痹。 有建议 从这项研究中可以看出，瘫痪是由于小脑 研究了这一方案。

The overall goal of our laboratory research is to understand the signals that the nervous system uses to control movements. We are specifically interested in reaching movements, and the participation of one structure, the cerebellum, in the guidance and control of reaching. Cerebellar damage, although causing little cognitive deficits, results in severe deficits in making accurate coordinated reaching movements. Our proposal is to study one of the input systems to the cerebellum, the climbing fiber system, to understand information that it supplies to the cerebellum about movements. We are specifically interested in how motor signals modify the information carried by the climbing fibers, that is, how does output affect input? We have developed a reaching paradigm for cats, that allows us to record from the inferior olive, the source of the climbing fiber system, while the cats reach out to grasp a lever to receive pureed chicken with cod liver oil, a high preference food for cats. During the lever retrieval small perturbations of the arm are introduced with a servo motor. The cats quickly learn to adjust to the perturbation to receive the food. We are interested in the performance of the climbing fiber system during the period of adjustment. Other experiments will be performed in acute anesthetized preparations to define the circuitry responsible for climbing fiber response modification. With advances in technology, there has been much interest in robotics and prosthetic devices. Although we don't feel that mimicking cerebellar action exactly could be accomplished in the foreseeable future, it is quite possible that the overall scheme of motor control used by the nervous system will be valuable in developing efficient robotic devices. No machine can reach out and grasp an object as smoothly or accurately as a human, and this is a basic goal of robotics. It is also one of the movements most needed by paralyzed humans. Another possible application of our research is in neurosurgery. We are located at a Neurological Institute and interact with neurosurgeons on practical problems encountered in the operating room. We have recently completed anatomical work with Drs. Sonntag and Pappas on Bell's Cruciate Palsey, a selective paralysis of the upper limbs. There are suggestions from that work that the paralysis is due to disruption of the cerebellar circuits studied by this proposal.