Integrative Neural Systems Underlying Vital Aerodigestive Tract Functions

描述(由申请人提供)：翻译研究涉及将基础研究领域产生的新知识转化为临床领域中人/患者问题的应用。通过这种方式，可以将对正常机制的概念性理解及时地应用于患者护理研究--即所谓的工作台到床边。协同作用是，当临床研究将新概念转移回基础研究领域时，知识可以从床边转移到工作台上，以改善对潜在机制的理解。长期以来，人们对中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤的影响及其功能结果进行了大量的研究，特别是对肢体肌肉系统的影响。最近，人们的注意力集中在两个领域，首先是对呼吸、呼吸道保护和摄取等重要功能至关重要的球神经机制，其次是训练肌肉力量、耐力和协调性对综合系统控制的影响。中枢神经系统疾病(如中风、帕金森氏病)和周围神经疾病(如头颈部癌症的放射和/或化疗后)会在整个生命周期内发生球神经支配的呼吸道结构、肌肉结构和中枢控制的变化。这些中枢和外周疾病会导致吞咽困难，并影响睡眠、呼吸和发声。以前被认为是安全的传统干预措施正被作为可能导致灾难性后果的风险因素进行调查(例如，饲管放置)。显然，迫切需要以患者为导向的翻译性研究，以解决中枢和外周机制的相互作用，并限制对上呼吸道功能的不良影响。这次会议将为几位临床研究人员和基础科学家之间的首次互动提供一个独特的多学科论坛，这些科学家包括但不限于：语言病理学家、耳鼻喉科医生、神经学家、生理学家、睡眠医学专家、生物医学成像师(医学物理、工程学、放射学)和神经科学家。其目的是整合动物研究和人类并行机制评估的结果，确定研究优先事项，以加强将综合系统控制知识转化为实践。这项请求是为了支持一个“旗舰”会议，题为“重要的航空消化道功能的综合神经系统”。本次会议由威斯康星大学医学与公共卫生学院和威廉·S·米德尔顿退伍军人医院老年研究教育和临床中心联合主办，旨在促进脑干机制的高质量研究，并促进独特和新的诊断和干预方法的临床应用。会议将为知名学者和他们的博士生/研究员提供一个交流思想和将知识转化为新的研究倡议的论坛。基金将为特邀演讲者、选定的少数群体、科学家发表论文/海报和行政费用提供旅费。这将是一个“旗舰”会议，题为“重要的航空消化道功能基础的综合神经系统”。本次会议旨在促进高质量的研究和临床翻译，通过讨论吞咽、睡眠、呼吸和发声的神经生理学、解剖学和神经基础，以及感觉、认知/意志控制和成像等首要问题的关键功能。会议将促进基础研究的临床应用，了解如何为影响数千万人一生的疾病开发独特和新颖的预防、诊断和干预方法。会议将为知名学者及其博士生和来自多个相互关联学科的研究员提供一个独特的论坛，让他们互动、分享想法、介绍、合作并做出重要贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Translational research involves transferring new knowledge generated in the basic research realm to application for human/patient problems in the clinical arena. In this way conceptual understanding of normal mechanisms can be brought to bear on patient care research in a timely manner - known as bench to bedside. Synergistically, knowledge can transfer from the bedside to the bench when clinical research transfers new concepts back into the realm of basic research for improved understanding of underlying mechanisms. The effects of central nervous system (CNS) damage have long been studied for numerous conditions and their functional outcomes particularly for the limb musculature. More recently, attention has been focusing in two areas, first on bulbar innervated mechanisms critical for vital functions such as respiration, airway protection and ingestion and secondly on the effects of training muscle strength, endurance and coordination on integrative systems control. Changes in bulbar innervated aerodigestive tract structure, musculature and central control occur across the life span and secondary to CNS disorders (e.g. stroke, Parkinson's disease) and peripheral neuropathies (e.g. post-radiation and/or chemotherapy for head and neck cancers). These central and peripheral disorders result in dysphagia, and disorders affecting sleep, breathing and phonation. Traditional interventions previously regarded as safe, are being investigated as risk factors that may lead to disastrous consequences (e.g. feeding tube placement). An urgent need for translational, patient-oriented research to address the interaction of central and peripheral mechanisms and limit adverse effects on upper aerodigestive tract function is clear. This conference will provide a unique multidisciplinary forum for the first interaction among several clinical investigators and basic scientists including but not limited to: speech language pathologists, otolaryngologists, neurologists, physiologists, sleep medicine specialists, biomedical imagers (medical physics, engineering, radiology) and neuroscientists. The purpose is to integrate findings from animal research and the evaluation of parallel mechanisms in humans, to identify research priorities to enhance the translation of knowledge of integrative systems control into practice. This request is for support for a "flagship" conference, entitled "Integrative Neural Systems Underlying Vital Aerodigestive Tract Functions". Jointly sponsored by the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the William S. Middleton VA Hospital, this conference is intended to promote high quality research on brainstem mechanisms and facilitate the clinical application of unique and novel methods for diagnosis and intervention. The meeting will provide a forum for established scholars and their doctoral students/fellows to share ideas and translate knowledge into new research initiatives. Funds will provide travel support for invited speakers, selected minorities, scientists presenting papers/posters and administrative costs. This will be a "flagship" conference, entitled "Integrative Neural Systems Underlying Vital Aerodigestive Tract Functions". This conference is intended to promote high quality research and clinical translation, by addressing the neurophysiologic, anatomic and neural underpinnings of swallowing, sleep, respiration and vocalization, critical functions with overarching issues of sensation, cognition/volitional control and imaging. The conference will facilitate clinical application of basic research understanding to developing unique and novel methods for prevention, diagnosis and intervention for conditions that affect tens of millions of people across the lifespan. The conference will provide a unique forum for established scholars and their doctoral students and fellows from multiple inter-related disciplines to interact, share ideas, present, collaborate and make important contributions.