Nonhuman Primate Studies of Tenofovir and UC781

研究努力开发阴道内使用的局部杀微生物剂，以防止性行为 包括艾滋病毒在内的传播感染已经持续了十多年。在过去的一年里 据估计，有430万人新感染了艾滋病毒。女性现在几乎占所有成年人的一半 感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的人。对女性控制的性传播感染预防产品的需求是众所周知的。临床前 外用杀微生物剂产品的安全性和有效性测试必须在人类使用前进行，以评估 该产品对阴道生态系统的影响，并评估潜在的抗艾滋病毒活性。 我们已经开发了一个有用的模型来评估经阴道使用的局部杀微生物剂产品的安全性。 扎着辫子的猕猴。我们用这个模型研究了单次和重复使用的效果。 杀微生物剂对阴道微生物区系和上皮的影响。我们已经进行了临床前安全和 含UC781(1%和0.1%)和替诺福韦(1%)的阴道凝胶制剂在人体内的药代动力学研究 这个猕猴模型。此外，我们还能够对核磁共振(MRI)产品在 女性生殖道。 在这项拟议的合作协议中，一种新型的局部杀微生物剂阴道药膜的输送系统将 将其与阴道凝胶配方进行比较。我们将使用我们的猕猴模型来评估安全性、分散性和 含UC781和/或替诺福韦的不同膜剂的药代动力学特征比较 这些发现与那些为凝胶配方汇编的结果相一致。最后，我们将评估每种方法的有效性 开发了使用猕猴模型的电影产品，用于RT-Shiv感染。这些研究将在一定程度上指导 联合外用杀菌剂给药系统的优化。

Research efforts to develop topical microbicides for intravaginal use for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV have been ongoing for over a decade. In the past year an estimated 4.3 million people became newly infected with HIV. Women now represent almost half of all adults living with HIV/AIDS. The need for a female controlled STI preventive product is well understood. Preclinical safety and efficacy testing of topical microbicide products must be performed prior to human use to assess the product's effects on the vaginal ecosystem and to assess potential anti-HIV activity. We have developed a useful model to evaluate the safety of topical microbicide products after vaginal use in the pigtailed macaque. We have used this model to study the effects of single and repeated applications of microbicides on vaginal microflora and epithelium. We have conducted preclinical safety and pharmacokinetic studies of vaginal gel formulations containing UC781 ( 1% and 0.1%) and tenofovir (1%) in this macaque model. In addition, we have the ability to image (MRI) product dispersal and transport in the female reproductive tract. In this proposed cooperative agreement, a novel delivery system for topical microbicides, vaginal films, will be compared to vaginal gel formulations. We will use our macaque model to assess safety, dispersal and pharmacokinetic characteristics of various film formulations containing UC781 and/or tenofovir, and compare these findings to those compiled for gel formulations. Finally, we will assess the efficacy of each of the developed film products using a macaque model for RT-SHIV infection. These studies will in part guide the optimization of a combination topical microbicide delivery system.