SUD & Decision-Making: A Pilot Imaging Study of Parents & Children

描述(由申请人提供)：来自行为和神经成像研究的越来越多的证据表明，执行功能的特定损害是物质使用障碍(SUD)启动和维持的关键标志。这项提议是为了进行一项先导性神经成像研究，旨在确定可行性并确定参数，以进行一项全面研究，调查决策和认知控制的行为和神经相关性，以确定易受物质使用障碍(SUDS)影响的标志。我们建议一个包括儿童精神流行病学、神经成像、决策科学、儿童和青少年神经精神病学以及物质使用障碍研究人员在内的高度成功的跨学科团队参与合作。这项试点研究借鉴了两项正在进行的纵向精神流行病学研究(N=1 120)，一名参与刑事司法系统的母亲(N=580；5RO1 DA23733：母亲监禁和儿童精神病病程：PI：Hoven)和另一名参与刑事司法系统的父亲及其子女(N=580；5R01DA024029；父亲参与儿童和青少年的刑事司法和药物使用：PI：Hoven)。每项研究都有基于年龄和性别的匹配儿童对照。拟议的试点研究将招募患有和不患有社交功能障碍的父母及其12-15岁的孩子(总计N=48人)。在亲子二人组中，我们将考察三个领域，其中存在SUD个体缺陷的证据：1)情绪冲突解决任务衡量的对情绪冲突的认知控制，2)跨期选择任务衡量的跨期选择的认知控制，以及3)哥伦比亚卡片任务衡量的风险下的决策。通过同时使用这些任务，并同时研究父母和他们的孩子，我们将能够彻底描述多层次决策特征及其潜在的神经回路，这些特征可能会区分患有和不患有SUD的父母，以及有SUD阳性和阴性家族史的儿童。因此，这项研究的发现可能会对未来早期识别脆弱青少年的战略以及基于特定神经行为机制开发SUD预防和治疗干预措施产生重大影响。 公共卫生相关性：这一试点旨在通过对参与刑事司法系统的父母及其子女进行大规模纵向调查，通过脑成像和流行病学检查决策、SUD和青少年大脑回路之间的关系，为开展全面调查奠定基础，从而促进科学进步。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is mounting evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging studies that specific impairments in executive functioning are key hallmarks of the initiation and maintenance of Substance Use Disorders (SUD). This proposal is for a Pilot neuroimaging study which aims to determine the feasibility and establish parameters for a Full-Scale study which will investigate the behavioral and neural correlates of decision making and cognitive control in order to identify markers of vulnerability to Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). We propose a collaboration involving a highly accomplished interdisciplinary team including child psychiatric epidemiology, neuroimaging, decision science, child and adolescent neuropsychiatry, and substance use disorders researchers. This Pilot study draws on two ongoing longitudinal psychiatric epidemiological studies (N=1,120), one of mothers involved with the criminal justice system (CJS) (N=580; 5RO1 DA23733: Maternal Incarceration and Course of Child Psychopathology: PI: Hoven) and another of fathers involved with the criminal justice system and their children (N=580; 5R01DA024029; Paternal Criminal Justice Involvement and Substance Use in Children & Adolescents: PI: Hoven)). Each study has a matched child control based on age and gender. The proposed Pilot study will recruit mothers and fathers with and without SUD and their 12 - 15 year old children (total N=48). In parent-child dyads, we will examine three domains in which there is evidence for deficits in SUD individuals: 1) cognitive control over emotional conflict, as measured by the Emotional Conflict Resolution Task, 2) cognitive control in intertemporal choices, as measured by the Intertemporal Choice Task, and 3) decision making under risk, as measured by the Columbia Card Task. By using these tasks together, and studying parents and their children simultaneously, we will be able to thoroughly characterize multilevel decisional profiles and their underlying neurocircuitry that might differentiate parents with and without SUD, and children with positive and negative family histories of SUD. Therefore, findings from this research could have significant impact on future strategies for early identification of vulnerable adolescents, and for developing preventive and treatment interventions for SUD based on specific neurobehavioral mechanisms. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This Pilot is designed to provide the basis of conducting a full scale investigation that will allow for the advancement of science by examining the relationship between decision making, SUD and adolescent brain circuitry, through brain imaging and epidemiology, building upon a large, longitudinal investigation of parents involved with the criminal justice system and their children.