Impact of Retail Tobacco Advertising on Youth Smoking

描述(由申请人提供)：充斥着香烟广告和促销的商店构成了一个重大的公共卫生问题，特别是对青少年来说。我们之前的研究结合了在基线、12个月和30个月对中学生进行的基于学校的调查数据，以及研究社区中所有销售香烟的商店的观察数据。对烟草零售广告曝光度的两个衡量标准是：(A)评估访问烟草广告最多的商店(便利店、小型杂货店和酒类商店)的频率；(B)收集有关青少年在学校附近的烟草商店购物的地点和频率的信息，并评估这些商店中香烟营销材料的数量。这两项暴露测量都预测，在每次后续行动中开始吸烟的几率都会显著增加，青少年报告的暴露越多，他们尝试的机会就越大。第二项纵向研究在烟草销售点更集中、人口种族更多样化的城市社区观察到了类似的发现。该提案寻求继续提供资金，以便更好地了解烟草零售环境对国家一级开始吸烟的影响。青少年(13-16岁)将在基线、8个月和16个月(n=1350)时接受调查，调查使用的是代表拥有电话的美国家庭的现有互联网小组。这项研究的一个创新特点是能够将所有受访者的数据与他们的住址和学校地址联系起来，允许同时研究环境和个人开始吸烟的风险因素。这项研究的目的是：(A)确定我们之前关于接触零售烟草广告对开始吸烟的影响的结果是否从加州的两个社区推广到对美国青少年的基于人群的调查，以及(B)检验这样的假设，即在烟草销售点密度较高的社区，青少年开始吸烟的几率增加，并根据个人和社区特征进行调整。二次分析将比较零售烟草广告和烟草销售点密度对吸烟开始的影响的不同过程解释。这项调查将增进我们对与香烟供应和香烟广告在环境中的可见度有关的健康风险的了解，并为制定减少这些风险的新政策提供科学依据。 公共卫生相关性：青少年吸烟预示着一系列成人早期的社会和健康问题。这项研究调查了社区烟草销售点的集中度以及这些商店中广泛存在的香烟广告是如何促进青少年吸烟的。这种影响的证据可能会为美国和国际监管努力提供信息，以限制香烟的可获得性和香烟广告在环境中的可见度。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Stores saturated with ads and promotions for cigarettes constitute a significant public health concern, especially for adolescents. Our previous research combined data from school-based surveys of middle school students at baseline, 12 months, and 30 months, with data from observations in all stores that sold cigarettes in the study community. Two measures of exposure to retail tobacco advertising were developed by: (a) assessing the frequency of visits to types of stores that contain the most tobacco advertising (convenience, small grocery, and liquor stores) and (b) eliciting information about where and how often adolescents shopped in tobacco outlets near school and assessing the quantity of cigarette marketing materials in those stores. Both exposure measures predicted significant increases in the odds of initiating smoking at each follow-up, and the more exposure adolescents reported, the greater their chances of experimenting. A second longitudinal study observed similar findings in an urban community with a higher concentration of tobacco outlets and a more racially diverse population. This proposal seeks continued funding to better understand the impact of the retail tobacco environment on smoking initiation at the national level. Adolescents (ages 13-16) will be surveyed at baseline, 8 months, and 16 months (n=1,350), using an existing Internet panel that is representative of U.S. households with telephones. An innovative feature of this research is the ability to link all respondents' data to their residential and school addresses, allowing simultaneous study of environmental and individual risk factors for smoking initiation. This research aims to: (a) determine whether our previous results about the impact of exposure to retail tobacco advertising on smoking initiation generalize from two California communities to a population-based survey of U.S. adolescents, and (b) test the hypothesis that the odds of smoking initiation are increased for adolescents in neighborhoods with higher tobacco outlet density, adjusting for both individual and neighborhood characteristics. Secondary analyses will compare different process explanations for the impact of retail tobacco advertising and tobacco outlet density on smoking initiation. This investigation will advance our understanding of the health risks associated with the availability of cigarettes and visibility of cigarette advertising in the environment and provide a scientific rationale for new policies to reduce them. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Adolescent tobacco use predicts a range of early adult social and health problems. This research examines how the concentration of tobacco outlets in neighborhoods, and the widespread cigarette advertising that these stores contain, promote adolescent smoking. Evidence of such effects could inform U.S. and international regulatory efforts to limit the availability of cigarettes and visibility of cigarette advertising in the environment.