Retail Environment for Tobacco and Marijuana in California: Impact on College Student Use

加州烟草和大麻零售环境：对大学生使用的影响

• 批准号: 10560632
• 负责人: Lisa Anne Henriksen
• 金额: $ 28.96万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10560632
• 关键词: Address; Advertisements; Age; Air; Attitude; California; Cannabis; Cannabis retail; Characteristics; Cigar; Cigarette; Data; Demography; Devices; District of Columbia; Dryness; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Electronic cigarette; Emerging Tobacco Products; Enrollment; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Future; Ganja; Imagery; Juice; Knowledge; Label; Legal; Licensing; Link; Liquid substance; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Marijuana; Marketing; Medical Marijuana; Modeling; Monitor; Neighborhoods; Nicotine; Not Hispanic or Latino; Oils; Perception; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Prevalence; Prevention; Public Health; Public Policy; Recreation; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Sales; Sampling; Secondary Schools; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Students; Surveys; System; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Universities; Waxes; Youth; age group; carcinogenicity; cigarette smoking; cigarillos; college; combustible tobacco; community college; cost; craving; data integration; density; drug abuse prevention; electronic cigarette use; electronic liquid; ethnic diversity; hookah; innovation; marijuana use; multilevel analysis; population based; programs; public policy on tobacco; racial diversity; response; smoke-free policy; smoking cue; tobacco advertising; tobacco control; tobacco exposure; tobacco products; tobacco regulation; tobacco user; tobacco-free; university student; vaping; young adult

One in three US young adults still use tobacco, and college students are early adopters of emerging tobacco products (e.g., e-cigarettes, other vaping devices, hookah). Daily marijuana use in this population is the highest rate it has been in 35 years, and 40% of young-adult tobacco users report using marijuana in the past month. The majority of young people’s exposure to tobacco marketing occurs in the retail environment, and omnipresent advertisements and displays are a risk factor for smoking. Our preliminary research documented the co-marketing of cigars and marijuana: 327 of 531 stores (62%) that sold cigars had products that were labeled as blunts, blunt wraps, or marketed marijuana as a “concept flavor” (e.g., Purple Haze, Cali Green, OGK cigarillos). Such marketing may encourage dual use and concurrent use of tobacco and marijuana, but this has not been studied. The proposed research addresses significant gaps in knowledge about the retail availability and co-marketing of tobacco and marijuana in a context of greater tobacco regulation, product diversification, and marijuana deregulation. California was the second state to pass “Tobacco 21” and is among the 8 states that legalized recreational marijuana use, with retail sales beginning in 2018. California’s community colleges and public universities enroll 4 in 10 young adults (ages 18-24) in the state and serve a racially/ethnically diverse population. Currently, 34% of the 113 community colleges and 49% of the 33 public universities have tobacco-free or smoke-free policies that include emerging tobacco products. Integrating data from people, places and policies, four coordinated study aims will: (Aim 1) Test for spatial clustering of vape shops, hookah bars, other licensed tobacco retailers and marijuana retailers near public colleges/universities (n=146) and examine whether local smoke-free policies moderate change over time in retailer density near campuses; (Aims 2&3) Conduct annual assessments of retail marketing for emerging tobacco products and marijuana co-marketing in a statewide random sample of vape shops (n=600) and a random sample of licensed tobacco retailers (n=900) within one mile of the college campuses, then model changes over time as a function of campus policy and local tobacco control policy (e.g., smoke-free/vape-free air, retail licensing and sales restrictions); (Aim 4) Concurrent with marketing surveillance, assess tobacco and marijuana use among students (ages 18-24) at the campuses in an on-line survey conducted the first year that retail marijuana sales begin and two years later. Multilevel modeling will test whether greater retail availability and prevalence of marijuana co-marketing predicts higher odds of student use, and whether campus policies moderate these associations, controlling for campus enrollment characteristics and local policies. This research represents the first comprehensive assessment of marijuana co-marketing and the first longitudinal study of marketing in vape shops, and applies an innovative approach to spatial clustering. To enhance reach and impact, a dissemination plan will inform local, state, and federal stakeholders concerned with tobacco control and drug use prevention.

三分之一的美国年轻人仍然使用烟草，大学生是新兴烟草的早期采用者 产品（例如，电子烟，其他vaping设备，水烟）。这一人群的每日大麻使用量最高 这是35年来的最高水平，40%的成年烟草使用者报告在过去一个月使用大麻。 大多数年轻人接触烟草营销发生在零售环境中， 无处不在的广告和展示是吸烟的危险因素。我们的初步研究记录了 雪茄和大麻的共同营销：531家出售雪茄的商店中有327家（62%）的产品 标记为钝头、钝头包装或作为“概念风味”销售的大麻（例如，紫雾，卡利绿色， OGK cigarillos）。这种营销可能会鼓励烟草和大麻的双重使用和同时使用， 这还没有被研究过。拟议的研究解决了有关零售知识的重大差距 在加强烟草管制的背景下，烟草和大麻的供应和共同营销， 多样化和大麻放松管制。加州是第二个通过“烟草21”法案的州， 在娱乐性大麻使用合法化的8个州中，零售销售从2018年开始。加州的 社区学院和公立大学招收该州十分之四的年轻人（18-24岁）， 种族/民族多样化的人口。目前，113所社区学院中的34%和33所公立大学中的49% 大学实行无烟或无烟政策，其中包括新出现的烟草产品。集成数据 从人，地方和政策，四个协调的研究目标将：（目标1）测试vape的空间聚集 公立学院/大学附近的商店、水烟吧、其他持牌烟草零售商和大麻零售商 （n=146），并研究当地无烟政策是否会随着时间的推移缓和零售商密度的变化， （目标2和3）对新兴烟草产品的零售营销进行年度评估， 大麻合作营销在全州范围内的随机样本vape商店（n=600）和随机样本 持牌烟草零售商（n=900）在一英里内的大学校园，然后模型随着时间的推移而变化， 校园政策和当地烟草控制政策的功能（例如，无烟/无蒸汽空气，零售许可证和 （目标4）在进行营销监测的同时，评估 学生（年龄18-24岁）在校园里进行的在线调查，第一年，零售大麻销售 开始和两年后。多层次建模将测试是否更大的零售可用性和流行的 大麻联合营销预测学生使用大麻的可能性更高，以及校园政策是否会缓和这些情况 协会，控制校园招生特点和地方政策。这项研究代表了 大麻合作营销的第一次全面评估和vape营销的第一次纵向研究 商店，并采用创新的方法来空间集群。为了扩大覆盖面和影响， 该计划将告知地方、州和联邦与烟草控制和药物使用预防有关的利益相关者。

项目成果

Spatial Clustering of Hookah Lounges, Vape Shops, and All Tobacco Retailers Near Colleges.

水烟酒廊、电子烟商店和大学附近所有烟草零售商的空间聚集。

• DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac007
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
• 作者: Sun,DennisL;Schleicher,NinaC;Recinos,Amanda;Henriksen,Lisa
• 通讯作者: Henriksen,Lisa

JUUL and other e-cigarettes: Socio-demographic factors associated with use and susceptibility in California.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101457
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: Preventive medicine reports
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Mathur Gaiha S;Halpern-Felsher B;Feld AL;Gaber J;Rogers T;Henriksen L
• 通讯作者: Henriksen L

Underage sales signage in vape shops: Comparison of stores near and far from California colleges.

• DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1978457
• 发表时间: 2023-11
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Ali, Amna;Barker, Dianne C.;Vishwakarma, Monika;PhDa, Nina C. Schleicher;Johnson, Trent O.;Henriksen, Lisa
• 通讯作者: Henriksen, Lisa

Tobacco product use and susceptibility to use among sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106384
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Preventive medicine
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Garcia LC;Vogel EA;Prochaska JJ
• 通讯作者: Prochaska JJ

Measuring e-cigarette addiction among adolescents.

• DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054900
• 发表时间: 2020-05
• 期刊: Tobacco control
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Vogel EA;Prochaska JJ;Rubinstein ML
• 通讯作者: Rubinstein ML