Retail Environment for Tobacco and Marijuana in California: Impact on College Student Use

三分之一的美国年轻人仍在使用烟草，大学生是新兴烟草的早期接受者 产品(例如，电子烟、其他蒸发设备、水烟)。在这个人口中，每天吸食大麻的人数是最多的 这是35年来的最高水平，40%的青少年吸烟者报告说在过去的一个月里吸食了大麻。 年轻人对烟草营销的接触大多发生在零售环境中， 无处不在的广告和展示是吸烟的风险因素。我们的初步研究记录了 雪茄和大麻的联合营销：在531家销售雪茄的商店中，有327家(62%)的产品是 贴上钝化、钝化包装的标签，或将大麻作为“概念口味”出售(例如，紫霾，卡利绿， OGK雪茄)。这种营销可能会鼓励烟草和大麻的双重使用和同时使用，但 这还没有被研究过。这项拟议的研究解决了零售业知识方面的重大差距 在更严格的烟草法规、产品和产品的背景下，烟草和大麻的可获得性和联合营销 多样化，以及大麻管制的放松。加州是第二个通过《烟草21》法案的州 在8个将娱乐性大麻使用合法化的州中，2018年开始零售。加州的 社区学院和公立大学在该州招收十分之四的年轻人(18-24岁)，并为 种族/民族多元化的人口。目前，113所社区大学中有34%，33所公立大学中有49% 大学有无烟或无烟政策，包括新兴的烟草产品。集成数据 从人、地和政策三个方面，四个协调研究目标将：(目标1)VAPE空间集聚测试 公立学院/大学附近的商店、水烟吧、其他有执照的烟草零售商和大麻零售商 (n=146)，并检查当地无烟政策是否缓和了零售商密度随时间的变化 校园；(目标2和3)对新兴烟草产品的零售营销进行年度评估和 大麻联合营销在全州随机抽样的VAPE商店(n=600)和随机抽样的 有执照的烟草零售商(n=900)在大学校园一英里内，然后随着时间的推移模式改变为 校园政策和当地烟草控制政策的作用(例如，无烟/无烟空气、零售许可证和 销售限制)；(目标4)在进行销售监测的同时，评估烟草和大麻的使用情况 学生(18-24岁)在校园内进行了一项在线调查，第一年零售大麻销售 开始，两年后。多水平建模将测试更大的零售可用性和普及率 大麻联合营销预测学生使用大麻的几率更高，以及校园政策是否会限制这些 协会，控制校园招生特点和当地政策。这项研究代表了 对大麻联合营销的首次全面评估和对VAPE营销的首次纵向研究 商店，并应用一种创新的方法进行空间聚集。为了扩大覆盖范围和影响，传播 该计划将通知与烟草控制和毒品使用预防有关的地方、州和联邦利益攸关方。

One in three US young adults still use tobacco, and college students are early adopters of emerging tobacco products (e.g., e-cigarettes, other vaping devices, hookah). Daily marijuana use in this population is the highest rate it has been in 35 years, and 40% of young-adult tobacco users report using marijuana in the past month. The majority of young people’s exposure to tobacco marketing occurs in the retail environment, and omnipresent advertisements and displays are a risk factor for smoking. Our preliminary research documented the co-marketing of cigars and marijuana: 327 of 531 stores (62%) that sold cigars had products that were labeled as blunts, blunt wraps, or marketed marijuana as a “concept flavor” (e.g., Purple Haze, Cali Green, OGK cigarillos). Such marketing may encourage dual use and concurrent use of tobacco and marijuana, but this has not been studied. The proposed research addresses significant gaps in knowledge about the retail availability and co-marketing of tobacco and marijuana in a context of greater tobacco regulation, product diversification, and marijuana deregulation. California was the second state to pass “Tobacco 21” and is among the 8 states that legalized recreational marijuana use, with retail sales beginning in 2018. California’s community colleges and public universities enroll 4 in 10 young adults (ages 18-24) in the state and serve a racially/ethnically diverse population. Currently, 34% of the 113 community colleges and 49% of the 33 public universities have tobacco-free or smoke-free policies that include emerging tobacco products. Integrating data from people, places and policies, four coordinated study aims will: (Aim 1) Test for spatial clustering of vape shops, hookah bars, other licensed tobacco retailers and marijuana retailers near public colleges/universities (n=146) and examine whether local smoke-free policies moderate change over time in retailer density near campuses; (Aims 2&3) Conduct annual assessments of retail marketing for emerging tobacco products and marijuana co-marketing in a statewide random sample of vape shops (n=600) and a random sample of licensed tobacco retailers (n=900) within one mile of the college campuses, then model changes over time as a function of campus policy and local tobacco control policy (e.g., smoke-free/vape-free air, retail licensing and sales restrictions); (Aim 4) Concurrent with marketing surveillance, assess tobacco and marijuana use among students (ages 18-24) at the campuses in an on-line survey conducted the first year that retail marijuana sales begin and two years later. Multilevel modeling will test whether greater retail availability and prevalence of marijuana co-marketing predicts higher odds of student use, and whether campus policies moderate these associations, controlling for campus enrollment characteristics and local policies. This research represents the first comprehensive assessment of marijuana co-marketing and the first longitudinal study of marketing in vape shops, and applies an innovative approach to spatial clustering. To enhance reach and impact, a dissemination plan will inform local, state, and federal stakeholders concerned with tobacco control and drug use prevention.