Development of obesity and metabolic clinical research programs

就第一个目标而言，我们在以下三个方面取得了进展。 1.在2009年开发的一项研究中，我们集成了用于便携式加速度计体力活动监测器的通用台式校准器，以解释数字信号处理过滤器如何改变传感器检测较慢速度行走的能力。我们使用了人体试验和台式测试来证实我们的发现，并正在提交手稿。 2.我们于2009年3月至2010年7月完成了年龄、基因/环境易感性-雷克雅未克研究(AGEs-Reykjavik Study，NIA赞助)的自由生活体力活动和睡眠评估辅助研究。使用我们在实验室中优化的150个三轴加速度计，我们成功地收集了660名冰岛老年人一周的活动模式。在150名研究参与者中，我们还在相反的季节(冬季和夏季)完成了重复的活动和睡眠测量。我们目前正在与NIA、冰岛心脏协会和冰岛大学的合作者合作，分析活动和睡眠特征。据我们所知，这是衰老研究中最大的数据库，重点是体力活动和心血管健康、骨骼和肌肉、新陈代谢和认知功能。 3.我们与两家加速度计制造商合作，重新设计了他们的监视器，以纳入原始加速度测量和新扩展的分析功能。与NCI流行病学分会的同事密切合作，我们正在为国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES 2011-12)制定新的客观体力活动测量标准。 对于第二个目标，我们启动了名为《饮食诱导人类肥胖抵抗表型》的临床方案(09-DK-0238)，目的是识别对高热量饮食具有抵抗力的健康瘦身受试者，并研究他们在4周过度喂养(+1000大卡/天超重平衡饮食)下实现能量和体重平衡的独特补偿机制。到目前为止，我们已经电话筛选了35名潜在志愿者(由NIH患者招募办公室、传单、口碑或直接接触推荐)。我们同意8名受试者进行门诊筛查。一名男性受试者已经完成了实验方案，还有两名受试者计划在2010年9月至10月期间接受治疗。我们正在使用CTDB(NICHD)建立一个基于网络的数据库，并计划在来年增加招募研究参与者。随着Sasai Hiroyuki博士作为JSPS研究员(访问科学家)的到来，我们正在准备一项新的运动干预方案，以研究高强度间歇训练与传统有氧运动在改善肥胖糖尿病前期患者代谢和心脏健康方面的作用。

FFor the first aim, we have made progress in the following three areas. 1. We integrated the universal bench-top calibrator for portable accelerometry-based physical activity monitors we developed in 2009 in a study to explain how the digital signal processing filter altered the sensors ability to detect walking at slower speeds. We used both human trials and bench-top testing to confirm our findings, and are in the process of submitting a manuscript. 2. We completed a free-living physical activity and sleep assessment ancillary study to the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES-Reykjavik Study, sponsored by NIA) from March 2009 to July 2010. Using 150 3-axial accelerometers that we optimized in the lab, we successfully collected one week of activity patterns in 660 Icelandic elderly individuals. In 150 of these study participants, we also completed a repeat activity and sleep measurement in an opposite season (Winter vs. Summer). We are currently working with our collaborators in NIA, Iceland Heart Association, and University of Iceland to analyze the activity and sleep characteristics. This is the largest database, to our knowledge, in aging research that would focus on physical activity and cardiovascular health, bone and muscle, metabolism, and cognitive function. 3. We worked with two accelerometer manufacturers to redesign their monitors to incorporate raw acceleration measurements and newly expanded analyses capabilities. With close-collaborations with colleagues in NCI epidemiology branch, we are developing the new objective physical activity measurement standards for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-12). For the second aim, we kicked-off the clinical protocol titled Diet-Induced-Obesity Resistant Phenotypes in Humans (09-DK-0238), with the goal of identifying healthy lean subjects who are resistant to hypercaloric diets and studying their unique compensatory mechanisms for achieving energy and weight balance under 4 weeks of overfeeding (+1000 kcal/day over weight balanced diets). To date, we have phone-screened 35 potential volunteers (referred either by NIH Patient Recruitment office, flyers, word of mouth, or by direct contact). We consented 8 subjects for outpatient screening. One male subject has completed the protocol, and have two more subjects scheduled for Sept-Oct 2010. We are building a web-based database using the CTDB (NICHD) and plan to increase the recruitment of study participants in the coming year. With the arrival of Dr. Hiroyuki Sasai as the JSPS fellow (visiting scientist), we are preparing a new exercise intervention protocol to study the role of high-intensity interval training vs. traditional aerobic exercise in improving metabolic and cardiac health in obese pre-diabetic patients.