Hispanics, built environment & metabolic syndrome

描述（由申请人提供）：在一项前瞻性纵向研究中，假设建成环境的可步行性会影响社会环境的集体效能，并且这些环境变量共同影响身体活动。在控制饮食的情况下，体力活动被假设可以预测肥胖、炎症和胰岛素抵抗；而这些反过来又会预测代谢综合征指标的进展。虽然这些关系已经分别进行了测试，但本应用程序提出了对这些变量之间关系的综合和跨学科测试。西班牙裔移民被选为这项研究的对象，因为西班牙裔的糖尿病发病率高得不成比例。此外，对于刚刚移民美国的人来说，随着时间的推移，体重会迅速增加。该研究提出探索文化变化的轨迹及其对饮食和身体活动的影响，作为一种机制，“在美国的时间”可能会给这一人群带来有害的健康后果。本文提出了一个特别适合调查西班牙裔美国人这一现象的样本，以及建筑环境对体育活动和健康结果的影响：古巴移民抵达美国后90天内。这个样本在一定程度上解决了大多数建筑环境研究的自我选择偏差，因为当这些人到达迈阿密戴德县时，他们通常会搬到一个不是他们选择的社区。因此，在一个理想的自然实验中，与非步行环境相关的原始样本分布在各种步行条件下。参与者为390名，年龄在30-45岁之间，不符合代谢综合征标准的新移民。建成环境的可步行性将通过自我报告进行评估，并客观地使用死者住所周围方圆25英里。参与者将根据集体效能、身体活动、饮食和双文化的自我报告测量以及身体活动、肥胖、炎症、胰岛素抵抗和代谢综合征指标的客观测量进行评估。初级分析中的变量是连续分布的。生长曲线将使用生长曲线方法在结构方程框架中使用Mplus 3进行估计。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In a prospective longitudinal study, it is hypothesized that the built environment's walkability will impact the social environment's collective efficacy, and that these environmental variables together will influence physical activity. Controlling for diet, physical activity is hypothesized to predict adiposity, inflammation, and insulin resistance; and these in turn will predict progression in metabolic syndrome indicators. While these relationships have been tested separately, this application proposes an integrated and interdisciplinary test of the relationship among these variables. Hispanic immigrants are selected for this study because Hispanics have disproportionately high rates of diabetes. Moreover, for very recent immigrants, weight increases rapidly as a function of time in the US. The study proposes to explore trajectories of cultural change - and their impact on diet and physical activity - as a mechanism by which 'time in the US' may bring about its deleterious health outcome for this population. A sample is proposed that is uniquely suited to investigate this phenomenon in Hispanics, as well as the impact of the built environment on physical activity and health outcomes: Cuban immigrants within 90 days of arrival to the US. This sample addresses in part the self- selection bias that characterizes most built environment studies, because, when these individuals arrive in Miami-Dade County, they typically move to a neighborhood not of their choosing. Therefore, an ideal natural experiment occurs in which a naive sample in relation to non-walkable environments is distributed across a variety of walkability conditions. Participants will be 390, 30-45 year-old recent immigrants who do not meet criteria for metabolic syndrome. Built environment's walkability will be assessed through self-reports, and objectively using the .25 mile radius surrounding the participant's residence. Participants will be assessed on self-reported measures of collective efficacy, physical activity, diet, and biculturation, and objective measures of physical activity, adiposity, inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome indicators. Variables in the primary analyses will be continuously distributed. Growth curves will be estimated using growth curve methodology in a structural equations framework using Mplus 3.