Sustainable urban drainage systems planning

尽管近几十年来对城市污水和排水基础设施进行了大量公共投资，但管理不善的城市径流继续对城市洪水和供水退化产生重大影响。城市化趋势、城市径流数量增加和质量退化以及气候变化带来的新挑战要求对城市径流控制系统进行规划、设计和管理，以便以明显具有成本效益和适应性管理的方式实现更高水平的径流控制。这个问题对世界各地的城市都是一个持续的挑战。例如，多伦多市最近（2003年）完成了一项新的湿天气流量管理总体规划工作。今后所需控制措施的费用估计在今后25年的第一阶段将超过10亿美元所需的大部分投资将用于硬件基础设施。这一数据在加拿大可以翻很多倍。在过去的二十年里，可持续基础设施的规划、设计和运营一直是实践者和研究人员面临的挑战。在城市雨水管理领域，可持续城市排水系统（SUDS）一词被创造出来，以反映这一可持续性目标。虽然SUDS的目标值得称赞，而且在实现这一目标方面也取得了进展，但目前的SUDS实践除了针对相当武断的条件实施特定的所谓最佳管理实践之外，几乎没有什么进展。目前的办法不能确保规划决策产生可持续的解决办法。城市排水基础设施需要大量的财政投资，消耗能源，产生温室气体，向接收水域输出大量污染物，改变水生能量平衡，并产生导致洪水的流量，并通过侵蚀/沉积使渠道和栖息地退化。可持续城市排水系统规划必须在一个全面、系统和综合的框架内解决所有这些问题。提出的研究的主要目标是在这样的框架内开发一个决策支持系统。

Despite massive public investments in urban sewerage and drainage infrastructure over recent decades, inadequately managed urban runoff continues to have significant impacts on urban flooding and receiving water degradation. Trends in urbanization, increased quantities and degraded qualities of urban runoff and new challenges from the spectre of climate change demand that urban runoff control systems be planned, designed and managed to effect higher levels of runoff control in a demonstrably cost-effective and an adaptively managed manner. This issue is a continuous challenge to cities world wide. As an example, the City of Toronto recently (2003) completed a new Wet Weather Flow Management Master Planning exercise. Future costs of required control measures are estimated to be over $1B over the first stage of the next 25 years.69 Most of the required investment would be in hard infrastructure. This statistic could be multiplied many times over in Canada. The challenge of sustainable infrastructure planning, design and operation has faced practitioners and researchers for the past two decades. In the area of urban stormwater management, the term Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) has been coined to reflect this goal of sustainability. Although the goal of SUDS is laudable and progress towards this goal has been made, current SUDS practice goes little beyond the implementation of specific so-called Best Management Practices for rather arbitrary conditions. Current approaches do not ensure that planning decisions will yield sustainable solutions. Urban drainage infrastructure requires massive financial investments, consumes energy, generates greenhouse gases, exports significant pollutants to receiving waters, alters aquatic energy balances, and generates flows that cause flooding and degrade channels and habitats through erosion/sedimentation. Sustainable urban drainage system planning must address all of these issues within a comprehensive, systematic and integrated framework. The primary objective of the proposed research is to develop a decision support system within such a framework.