Atmosphere-surface CO2 exchange in arctic coastal marine environments

了解极地海洋和大气之间的二氧化碳通量对于评估潜在的温室气体强迫和其他气候反馈非常重要。准确描述海洋、冰和大气系统的通量和减缓特性至关重要，这样才能获得准确的二氧化碳预算。这一方案力求描述极地海洋表面和沿海、海岸、河口和陆架环境上的大气之间二氧化碳交换的过程，并评价和改进我们利用现有卫星观测估计大气-海洋二氧化碳交换的能力。请提供支助，以支持在巴芬湾、加拿大北极群岛、哈德逊湾和格陵兰东海岸的沿海海洋表面收集独特的5年海气通量数据。气体通量的测量将使用涡流相关，主要是通过冰基塔进行，尽管也可以使用船基观测。还将收集描述雪、海冰和上层水柱的物理和化学特性的数据，并通过合作提供有关生物学的一般资料。测量计划将强调这些特性与大气通量之间的因果关系的表征，因此将允许参数化的验证和发展，并将促进我们对物理气候系统，CO2交换与海冰和海洋的基本地球物理，生物地球化学和生物特性之间的关系的理解，以及气体交换的运动学。这些数据将在CCGS阿蒙森号的几次巡航期间在无冰海面上和从冰站获得。作为北极网的一部分，这项工作将以“背带”模式进行，因此可以获得气象学（风速、气温、海面温度和盐度、湿度、云量、雨水探空仪等）和小气候（辐射场、热预算）的辅助信息。

Understanding the flux of CO2 between the polar oceans and atmosphere is important for assessing potential greenhouse gas forcing and other climate feedbacks.  Accurate descriptions of the fluxes and mitigating properties of the ocean, ice and atmosphere system are critical so that accurate CO2 budgets may be attained.  This programme seeks to provide a description of process whereby CO2 is exchanged between polar marine surfaces and the atmosphere over coastal shore, estuary and shelf environments and to evaluate and refine our ability to estimate the air-sea exchange of CO2 using currently available satellite observations.  Support is requested to support the acquisition of unique air-sea flux data over five years over coastal marine surfaces in Baffin Bay, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Hudson Bay and the east coast of Greenland.  Measurements of the gas flux will be made using eddy correlation, largely from ice-based towers, although ship-based observations will also be available.  Data describing the physical and chemical properties of the snow, sea ice and upper water column will also be collected and general information on associated biology will be available through collaborations.  The measurement program will emphasize the characterization of casual relationships between these properties and the atmospheric flux, and therefore will permit the verification and development of parameterizations, and will forward our understanding on the relationships between the physical climate system, CO2 exchange and basic geophysical, biogeochemical and biological properties of the sea ice and ocean, as well as the kinematics of the gas exchange.  The data will be obtained over ice-free marine surfaces during several cruises of the CCGS Amundsen and from ice stations.  The work will be done in 'piggy-back' mode, as part of ArcticNet, and therefore ancillary information on meteorology (wind speed, air temperature, sea surface temperature and salinity, humidity, cloud cover, rawinsondes, etc.) and microclimate (radiation fields, heat budget) will be available.