Optimal resource allocation for maritime safety and security

海上安全与安保包括许多类型的事件：涉及生命和/或财产损失的船舶事故；大小泄漏和排放；以及非法活动，如贩毒或恐怖分子渗透。应对这些威胁的两个关键策略是基于位置的问题：监视（或巡逻）和行动措施（或反应）。在监视的情况下，位置元素涉及战术规划，以确定如何根据历史交通模式、先前事件或基于风险的措施对区域进行采样。换句话说，可以通过优化和统计分析来确定在海上紧急情况下派遣巡逻船的地点和时间，以最大限度地发挥其效力。同样的方法可以扩展到使用飞机进行渔业监视或探测泄漏。在响应规划的情况下，诸如SAR（搜索和救援）站等设施的安置和资源的分配是位置敏感的。此外，当估计响应时间或距离时，避陆成为空间建模的重要组成部分，因为很明显，船只不可能总是在直线上行驶。人员和设备的最佳组合，无论是船只、飞机还是气垫船，取决于各自的能力（范围、设备等），以及风险事件和船只的类型（捕鱼、航运、娱乐）。这类问题被称为多准则决策模型（MCDM）。在本研究中，地理信息系统（GIS）将用于确定政府资源的最佳定位策略，以实现有效的沿海安全和保障，同时解决与土地规避和多标准空间风险建模相关的理论复杂性。由此产生的算法和定位策略将被纳入海事决策辅助工具MARIS（海事活动与风险调查系统）的现有版本。

Maritime Safety and Security encompass many types of events: vessel incidents involving loss of life and/or property damage; small and large spills and discharges; and illegal activities such as drug-running or terrorist infiltration.  Two of the key strategies employed to counter these threats are location-based problems: surveillance (or patrolling) and action-measures (or response).  In the case of surveillance, the location element involves tactical planning to determine how to sample the regions based on historical traffic patterns, or prior incidents, or risk-based measures.  In other words, where and when to send patrol vessels to maximize their effectiveness in case of an emergency at sea, can be determined using optimization and statistical analyses.  The same approaches can be extended to the use of aircraft for fisheries surveillance or detection of spills.   In the case of response planning, placement of facilities such as SAR (Search & Rescue) stations and allocation of resources are location-sensitive.  Furthermore, when estimating response times or distances, land-avoidance becomes an important part of the spatial modelling since, evidently, vessels cannot always travel in a straight line. The best mix of people and equipment, whether vessels, aircraft or hovercraft, depends on the capabilities of each (range, equipment, etc.), and the types of incidents and vessels at risk (fishing, shipping, recreational).  Such problems are deemed multicriteria decision models (MCDM).  In this research, geographic information systems (GIS) will be used to determine optimal location strategies of government resources for effective coastal safety and security, while addressing the theoretical complexities associated with land-avoidance and multicriteria spatial risk modelling.  The resulting algorithms and location strategies will be incorporated into the existing version of a maritime decision-aid tool MARIS (Maritime Activity & Risk Investigation System).