The risk factors for ecstasy and related drug overdose: A case-crossover study

我们应对摇头丸及相关药物(ERD)使用的紧急危害的能力受到阻碍，因为我们缺乏对使用者在有伤害风险的地方从事的做法的了解。这项研究将通过墨尔本两家医院急诊科招募的非致命性ERD过量受害者样本，研究非致命性ERD急诊科(ED)入院的危险因素。这项研究涉及与ERD相关的ED入院风险因素的病例交叉研究，以及与ERD相关的ED入院的详细案例系列。病例交叉调查将涉及将严重药物使用事件之前发生的行为与典型的药物使用行为进行比较，更具体地说，将发生在控制使用事件(另一次使用紧急药物事件)之前的行为进行比较。数据将由驻在ED的研究人员收集，在病情稳定和意识恢复后，通过与参与者的访谈，收集关于关键和控制使用事件的具体信息。病例系列将从分流护士标记的所有与ERD相关的急诊入院病例中建立。研究中的潜在危险因素将包括使用药物的环境条件(如时间、地点)、其他吸毒行为、个人因素(如哮喘、抑郁)和其他与剂量有关的问题(如购买量、购买来源)。统计分析将确定关键使用事件、典型使用事件和控制使用事件之间的主要差异。拟议的研究将在了解这些药物使用者的惯常做法和行为的背景下，审查与ERD相关的危害的风险因素。识别风险行为的短暂变化将为制定对环境敏感的将危害降至最低的战略奠定基础。制定详细的病例系列将对急性ERD相关伤害的治疗和管理产生影响。

Our ability to respond to the emergent harms of Ecstasy and Related Drug (ERD) use is hampered by our lack of understanding of the practices users engage in that place them at risk of harm. This study will examine the risk factors for non-fatal ERD Emergency Department (ED) admission in a sample of non-fatal ERD overdose victims recruited through two hospital EDs in Melbourne. The research involves a case-crossover study of the risk factors for ERD-related ED admission, as well as a detailed case series of ERD-related ED admissions. The case-crossover investigation will involve a comparison between behaviours occurring prior to the critical drug use episode with typical drug use behaviours and more specifically those occurring prior to a control use episode (another occasion on which ERDs were used). Data will be collected by Researchers positioned in the ED, with information collected on the specifics of the critical and control use episodes through interviews with participants following stabilisation and a return to consciousness. The case series will be established from all ERD-related ED admissions flagged as such by triage nurses. Potential risk factors under study will include the environmental conditions in which the drug was used (eg time of day, physical location), other drug taking behaviour, personal factors (eg asthma, depression) and other dose-related issues (eg amount purchased, source of purchase). Statistical analysis will establish the major differences between the critical, typical and control use episodes. The proposed research will examine risk factors for ERD-related harms within the context of an understanding of the usual practices and behaviour of users of these drugs. Identifying transient change in risk behaviours will provide a foundation for developing contextually-sensitive strategies for harm minimisation. The development of a detailed case series will impact upon the treatment and management of acute ERD-related harms.