Atmosphere-surface CO2 exchange in arctic coastal marine environments

了解极地海洋和大气之间的二氧化碳通量对于评估潜在的温室气体强迫和其他气候反馈非常重要。 准确地描述海洋、冰和大气系统的通量和减缓特性是获得准确的CO2收支的关键。 该方案力求说明二氧化碳在极地海洋表面与沿海海岸、河口和大陆架环境的大气之间交换的过程，并评价和改进我们利用现有卫星观测估计二氧化碳的海气交换的能力。 请求提供支助，以支持获取巴芬湾、加拿大北极群岛、哈德逊湾和格陵兰东海岸沿海海面五年来独特的海气通量数据。 气体通量的测量将使用涡动相关法进行，主要来自冰基塔，尽管也可以使用船基观测。 还将收集描述雪、海冰和上层水柱的物理和化学特性的数据，并将通过合作提供有关生物学的一般信息。 测量计划将强调这些属性和大气通量之间的因果关系的表征，因此将允许参数化的验证和发展，并将促进我们对物理气候系统，CO2交换和海冰和海洋的基本地球物理，地球化学和生物特性之间的关系的理解，以及气体交换的运动学。 这些数据将在CCGS Amundsen的几次巡航期间从无冰海洋表面和冰站获得。 这项工作将作为北极网的一部分，以“捎带”方式进行，因此，气象学辅助信息（风速、气温、海面温度和盐度、湿度、云量、探空仪等）和微气候（辐射场，热收支）将是可用的。

Understanding the flux of CO2 between the polar oceans and atmosphere is important for assessing potential greenhouse gas forcing and other climate feedbacks.  Accurate descriptions of the fluxes and mitigating properties of the ocean, ice and atmosphere system are critical so that accurate CO2 budgets may be attained.  This programme seeks to provide a description of process whereby CO2 is exchanged between polar marine surfaces and the atmosphere over coastal shore, estuary and shelf environments and to evaluate and refine our ability to estimate the air-sea exchange of CO2 using currently available satellite observations.  Support is requested to support the acquisition of unique air-sea flux data over five years over coastal marine surfaces in Baffin Bay, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Hudson Bay and the east coast of Greenland.  Measurements of the gas flux will be made using eddy correlation, largely from ice-based towers, although ship-based observations will also be available.  Data describing the physical and chemical properties of the snow, sea ice and upper water column will also be collected and general information on associated biology will be available through collaborations.  The measurement program will emphasize the characterization of casual relationships between these properties and the atmospheric flux, and therefore will permit the verification and development of parameterizations, and will forward our understanding on the relationships between the physical climate system, CO2 exchange and basic geophysical, biogeochemical and biological properties of the sea ice and ocean, as well as the kinematics of the gas exchange.  The data will be obtained over ice-free marine surfaces during several cruises of the CCGS Amundsen and from ice stations.  The work will be done in 'piggy-back' mode, as part of ArcticNet, and therefore ancillary information on meteorology (wind speed, air temperature, sea surface temperature and salinity, humidity, cloud cover, rawinsondes, etc.) and microclimate (radiation fields, heat budget) will be available.