Active and smart surfaces for sensor and millimeterwave components

无线和互联网技术的爆炸式增长促进了信息数据的传输，并对新型传感器和天线产生了越来越大的需求，以检测和监测各种现象，并传达结果。与此同时，一些科学和技术领域的进步显示出开发和实施新设计概念的希望。一个重要的领域涉及模拟材料，其中传统材料，如导体和电介质，被用来开发具有新特性和卓越性能的新材料。例如具有带隙结构的光子和电磁晶体，具有负本构参数的超材料和具有人工磁性和阻抗特性的谐振表面。它们的应用对硬件设计产生了革命性的影响。然而，它们的全部潜力的实现，特别是对其性能的控制，在很大程度上取决于使用MEM和纳米技术的制造和实现概念。本项目提案旨在解决这些问题。我们建议开发主动和/或智能表面，当电磁波的光谱照射时，它们的性质可以在操作过程中改变，从反射变为吸收或透明。这种自适应表面有无限的应用，在这个项目中，我们将强调微波和毫米波频段。在近场区，它们将被设计成电、磁或阻抗表面，并使用静电驱动膜进行控制。这些活性表面将被设计成类似矩阵的结构，以便于在小细胞或像素水平上控制它们的特性。将考虑、设计和研究开发新型传感器、天线、信号处理表面和消除阻塞效应的应用。

The explosive growth of wireless and Internet technologies have facilitated the transmission of information data, and created an increasing demand for new family of sensors and antennas, to detect and monitor various phenomena, and communicate the results. Simultaneously, the progress in a number of scientific and technological areas shows promise for development and implementations of new design concepts. One important area deals with the simulated materials, where conventional materials, like conductors and dielectrics, are used to develop novel materials with new properties and superior performances. Examples are the photonic and electromagnetic crystals with band gap structures, metamaterials with negative constitutive parameters and resonant surfaces with artificial magnetic and impedance properties. Their utilization is causing revolutionary impact in hardware design. However, the realization of their full potential, especially in control of their properties, depends heavily on the fabrication and implementation concepts using MEM and nano-technologies. This project proposal is aimed at addressing such issues. We propose to develop active and/or smart surfaces, where their properties can be changed during operation, from being reflective to becoming absorptive or transparent, when illuminated by a spectrum of electromagnetic wave. There are unlimited applications for such adaptive surfaces, and in this project we will emphasize the microwave and millimeter wave bands. In the near-field zone they will be designed to behave as an electric, a magnetic or an impedance surface, and controlled using electrostatic actuated membranes. These active surfaces will be designed as matrix like structures to facilitate the control of their properties at small cell or pixel level. Applications for developing novel sensors, antennas, signal processing surfaces, and elimination of blockage effects will be considered, designed and studied.