Design of fault-tolerant systems/networks and applications

容错计算在当今世界扮演着重要的角色。在我们的日常生活中，对计算机系统有很大的依赖。我们依赖这些系统进行银行、电子商务、通信、旅行等。容错可防止系统故障，并旨在确保系统在出现故障和错误的情况下仍能提供所需的服务。在过去的二十年里，我们看到计算机网络的演变是通信和计算世界的融合。这场革命使全球连接的梦想成为可能，并为许多需要使用大型计算设施的应用/任务打开了大门。例如，计算网格在解决科学和工程中计算密集和耗时的问题方面变得越来越重要。由于故障概率随着组件数量的增加而增加，因此容错性是此类组件的基本特征

Fault-tolerant computing plays an important role in today's world. There is a large dependency on computer systems in our everyday life. We depend on these systems for banking, e-commerce, communications, travel, etc. Fault tolerance prevents system failures and is intended to ensure that the system delivers the required service in spite of faults and errors. In the past two decades, we have seen the evolution of computer networks as a merger of the communication and computing worlds. This revolution has made the dream of global connectivity possible and has opened the door for numerous applications/tasks requiring the use of large computing facilities. For example, computational grids have become increasingly important to solve computationally intensive and time consuming problems in science and engineering. Since the failure probability increases with a rising number of components, fault tolerance is an essential characteristic of such