Canadian participation in the integrated ocean drilling program

综合海洋钻探计划（IODP）是一项涉及24个国家的国际多学科科学努力，每年需要约1.2亿美元的运营预算。IODP探索了我们星球作为一个复杂系统的历史，记录在海底沉积物和岩石中。它起源于深海钻探计划（DSDP, 1968-1983）和海洋钻探计划（ODP, 1985-2003），这是有史以来最成功的国际合作科学计划之一，并彻底改变了对地球历史和动力学的理解。IODP为国际社会提供了多个钻井平台和尖端技术，以实现其在初始科学计划（2003-2013）中概述的科学目标，该计划侧重于三个主题：(1)深层生物圈和海底海洋；(2)环境变化、过程和影响；(3)固体地球循环和地球动力学。IODP的第一阶段延续了DSDP/ODP的传统，并带来了重大发现，如北冰洋在减缓气候变化中的作用，以及卡斯卡迪亚边缘天然气水合物的浓度和分布大大高于预期。IODP的新钻井设备还恢复了最准确和完整的南太平洋温度和盐度变化记录，从塔希提岛附近的珊瑚礁和整个海洋地壳到辉长岩层（bbb1.15 km）。该提案要求在2013财政年度结束之前，为加拿大继续参与IODP的剩余部分提供资金。目前有加拿大研究人员和学生参加的考察队包括记录北美东北部海平面变化的新泽西313号考察队，探索太平洋和北冰洋之间交换通道的白令海323号考察队，以及研究地幔地球动力学过程及其对地球表面影响的沙斯基隆起324号考察队。加拿大人正在积极参与世界上大多数海洋的一系列令人印象深刻的钻探建议，特别是在北极，加拿大人直接关注的关键科学问题需要加强研究工作。

The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) is an international multi-disciplinary scientific endeavour involving twenty-four countries and requiring an operational budget of about US$120 M/year. IODP explores our planet's history as a complex system, archived in seafloor sediments and rocks. It arose from the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP, 1968-1983) and the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP, 1985-2003), which have been among the most successful international collaborative science programs ever conducted, and have revolutionized the understanding of Earth history and dynamics. IODP offers the international community access to multiple drilling platforms and cutting-edge technologies to achieve its scientific goals as outlined in the Initial Science Plan (2003-2013), which focuses on three themes: (1) The deep biosphere and the sub-sea floor ocean, (2) Environmental change, processes and effects, and (3) Solid earth cycles and geodynamics. The first phase of IODP has perpetuated the DSDP/ODP legacy and led to significant discoveries such as the role of the Arctic Ocean in moderating climate changes, and the substantially higher-than-predicted concentration and distribution of gas hydrates along the Cascadia margin. The new drilling facilities of IODP have also recovered the most accurate and complete record of temperature and salinity changes in the southern Pacific from reefs off Tahiti and a complete section through the ocean crust to the gabbroic layer (>1.15 km). This proposal requests funds to continue Canadian participation in IODP for the remaining part of IODP until the end of fiscal year 2013. Current expeditions involving Canadians researchers and students include the New Jersey exp. 313 to document sea-level changes along the northeastern North America, the Bering Sea exp. 323 to explore the role of this gateway on the exchanges between the Pacific and the Arctic Oceans, and the Shatsky Rise exp. 324 to examine mantle geodynamics processes and their impact on the Earth's surface. Canadians are actively participating in an impressive series of drilling proposals in most world oceans, notably in the Arctic where key science issues of immediate concern for Canadians require enhanced research efforts.