Agent-based model for travel behaviour in multimodal networks - a modelling system for travelsmart initiatives

近年来，北美许多城市地区都出现了城市扩张现象。它通常会导致中低密度地区和分散的土地使用；这些特点增加了对汽车的依赖，降低了运行高效运输系统的潜力。在大温哥华地区（GVRD），更多的居民现在居住在具有这种土地利用特征的绿带（73%），而不是紧凑和密集的城市形式的温哥华市（27%）。约34.9%的GVRD工作行程以温哥华为目的地，其中13.3%从绿带出发，25.6%使用公共交通。对于由这些地区产生/目的地的旅行活动，乘客在不同的模式和不同的网络之间转移，形成所谓的“多式联运旅行”。最近，多式联运出行已经成为公众和媒体非常关注的话题。因此，多式联运分配模式日益成为任何区域范围规划工作的重要组成部分。现有的研究工作主要集中在汽车出行和交通操作上，从而简化（或忽略）了其他出行方式（如公交或步行）的操作和性能。对于多式联运旅行，这是一个主要的缺点，因为大多数多式联运旅行包括过境作为主要的旅行方式。事实上，大部分的多式联运旅行都不包括任何部分的自动使用（例如步行交通旅行）。在GVRD中，使用多式联运网络（例如步行/公交、自行车/公交、汽车/公交等）前往温哥华市中心的行程比例约为50%。本研究的重点是开发一个模型系统，以评估和评估支持多式联运（公共）交通网络整合的广泛政策，并以TravelSmart计划为目标。TravelSmart倡议提倡可持续、健康和减少汽车使用的旅行选择。本研究提出了一种创新的方法来研究多式联运网络中乘客出行选择的建模，并开发了多式联运出行的多智能体分配框架。

Urban sprawl has been observed in many urban areas across North America in recent years. It generally results in areas of medium to low densities and dispersed land use; such characteristics increase auto-dependency and lessen the potential of running an efficient transit system. In the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD), more residents now live in the Green Belt (73%) with such land use characteristics, than in the City of Vancouver (27%) with its compact and dense urban form. With about 34.9% of the GVRD work trips destined to Vancouver, 13.3% of those are originated in the Green Belt with a 25.6% using transit. For travel activities generated from/destined to such areas, passengers transfer between different modes and different networks, forming what is called "multimodal trips". The topic of multimodal trip-making has been the topic of considerable attention in the public and media lately. Therefore, multimodal assignment models are increasingly becoming an essential component of any region-wide planning exercise. Existing research efforts have focused on auto trips and traffic operations, resulting in simplifying (or ignoring) the operations and performance of other modes of travel (such as transit or walking). For multimodal trips, this presents a major drawback since most multimodal trips include transit as the primary mode of travel. In fact, a large portion of multimodal trips do not include auto-usage for any part of the trip (e.g. walk-transit trips). In the GVRD, the percentage of trips using multimodal networks (e.g. walk/transit, bike/transit, auto/transit, etc) destined to Downtown Vancouver is about 50%. The focus of this research is to develop a modelling system to evaluate and assess a broad range of policies that support the integration of multimodal (public) transport networks and target TravelSmart initiatives. TravelSmart initiatives promote travel alternatives that are sustainable, healthy and reduce car use. This research proposes an innovative approach to investigate the modelling of passengers' travel choices in a multimodal network and the development of a multi-agent assignment framework for multimodal trips.