New directions and challenges in large scale integrated micro-algal technologies for the Canadian farm economy

将富含营养物的废水或粪肥浆直接处置到环境中可导致若干问题，例如引入基于粪肥的病原体、富营养化以及地表径流和地下水的污染。许多农业社区采用了安全的粪肥管理战略，以提供健康的环境和健康的生态系统。粪便处理的不同方法包括传统的活性污泥法或厌氧消化法。厌氧消化是去除病原体的有效方法，该过程还将碳转化为沼气或甲烷。然而，来自这些消化器的流出物是富含氮（氨和硝酸盐）和磷酸盐的液体，其在被排放到接收水体中之前可能需要进一步处理。

The direct disposal of nutrient rich wastewaters or manure slurries into the environment can lead to several issues such as introduction of manure based pathogens, eutrophication and pollution of surface run off and ground water. Many farming communities have adopted safe manure management strategies to provide a healthy environment and healthy ecosystems. Different approaches for manure treatment include conventional activated sludge or anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion is an effective treatment for pathogen removal and the process also converts the carbon to biogas or methane. However the effluent from these digesters is a liquid, rich in nitrogen (ammonia and nitrates) and phosphates which may require further treatment before being discharged into a receiving body of water.