Bone metabolism and inflammation in slow- and fast-growing domestic fowl

现代家禽（肉用鸡和蛋鸡）经过60多年的密集遗传选择。 肉型（锅炉）鸡已被选择为快速生长速度，胸肌沉积，饲料转化为肌肉的有效转化。 蛋型鸡（产蛋母鸡）已被选择用于高水平的产蛋量和饲料到蛋质量的有效转化。 在这两种情况下，商业选择很可能导致了对阻碍快速生长或高水平产蛋的因素的无意选择。 炎症反应是先天免疫系统的一部分，可引起全身性影响，如摄食量减少、生长速度减慢和产蛋量减少。 即使是轻微的炎症也可能微妙地降低商品鸡的性能。 肉鸡的快速生长速度降低了鸟类正确形成骨骼的能力，并且蛋鸡中的高产量鸡蛋会导致骨钙流失，从而导致骨质疏松症。 炎症免疫系统的细胞和与骨代谢相关的细胞是相关的，以前的研究表明，实验诱导的炎症对鸡的骨代谢有负面影响。

Modern poultry (meat-type and egg laying chickens) have been intensively genetically selected for over 60 years. Meat-type (boiler) chickens have been selected for rapid growth rate, breast muscle deposition, and efficient conversion of feed to muscle. Egg-type chickens (laying hens) have been selected for high levels of egg production and efficient conversion of feed to egg mass. In both cases, commercial selection has likely resulted in inadvertent selection against factors that counteract rapid growth or high levels of egg production. The inflammatory response is part of the innate immune system, and can cause systemic effects such as decreased feed intake, slower growth rate, and decreased egg production. Even mild inflammation may subtly reduce performance of commercial chickens. The rapid growth rate of broilers reduces the ability of the birds to properly form bones, and the high output of eggs in layers creates a drain on bone calcium that can lead to osteoporosis. Cells of the inflammatory immune system and cells related to bone metabolism are related, and previous research has shown that experimentally-induced inflammation has a negative effect on bone metabolism in chickens.