Exploration of stress responsive alleles in barley through transposons

为建立一项旨在了解栽培大麦和原始大麦中新的逆境反应基因功能的研究计划，要求提供资金。生物和非生物胁迫对农作物物种构成重大威胁，造成世界范围内严重的产量损失。大麦地方品种和野生种代表了几个与胁迫相关的基因的很大变异源，这些基因可以导入到改良品种中，不包括不利和未进化的性状。这就需要鉴定新的胁迫反应基因，以产生对生物和非生物胁迫具有更好耐受性的植物。玉米Ac/DS转座子系统已成功地应用于异源植物的诱变和基因克隆。利用该体系，我们在栽培大麦中观察到了重要的盐敏DS突变体的表型，为基因鉴定和鉴定提供了宝贵的资源。随着Ac/DS玉米转座子系统在栽培大麦中的功能和DS转座子对插入或接近基因的偏好，现在有可能将Ac/DS转座子系统引入野生大麦，以探索其逆境相关基因的天然多样性。我们最近建立了野生大麦的组织培养和转化系统，这使得我们在野生大麦转座子标记方面的努力具有很大的前景。我们将引入一种基于转座子的激活标签系统，用于克服基因冗余。综上所述，这些努力将为抗逆性的实际应用、鉴定独特的逆境响应基因、更好地理解多种非生物逆境耐性调控，包括栽培大麦和野生大麦逆境适应的潜在遗传机制提供可能。

Funds are requested for the establishment of a research program aimed at understanding the function of novel stress responsive genes in cultivated and primitive barley. Biotic and abiotic stresses pose major threats to crop species, causing heavy yield losses worldwide. Barley landraces and wild species represent a large source of variation for several stress related genes that could be introgressed into improved varieties, excluding adverse and un-evolved traits. This requires the identification of novel stress responsive genes to generate plants for better tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The maize Ac/Ds transposon system has been successfully utilized for mutagenesis in heterologous plant species for gene cloning. Using this system in cultivated barley, we observed important salt responsive Ds mutants phenotypes, providing us a valuable resource for gene identification and characterization. With the demonstrated functionality of the Ac/Ds maize transposon system in cultivated barley and the Ds transposon predilection for insertion in or near genes, it is now possible to introduce the Ac/Ds system into wild barley to explore its natural diversity in stress related genes. We have recently developed a tissue culture and transformation system for wild barley, H. spontaneum which makes our efforts for transposon tagging in wild barley highly promising. We will introduce into H. spontaneum, a transposon-based activation tagging system which is useful to overcome gene redundancy. Taken together, these efforts will lead to possible practical applications for stress tolerance, identification of unique stress responsive genes, better understanding of multiple abiotic stress tolerance regulation including underlying genetic mechanisms of stress adaptation in cultivated and wild barley.