Polar meteorological and snow measurements of winter extreme events / Mesures de neige et météorologiques des évênements extêmes hivernaux des régions polaires

雪的地球物理和热物理特性对气候变异性和变化敏感，对水文和气候过程模拟至关重要，特别是在北方半球，40%的陆地表面受到季节性雪的影响。特别相关的是，在过去三十年里，在北方地区观察到了全球气候变率和变化的第一个和最强烈的迹象，这导致了各种与气候有关的强烈反馈，如冬季极端事件。北极和亚北极地区WEE发生率的增加必须进一步详细解决;然而，在偏远的北方地区严重缺乏实地测量影响了气候模型的性能，同时限制了这些模型的验证和开发能力。

Geophysical and thermophysical properties of snow are known to be sensitive to climate variability and change and are of primary importance for hydrological and climatological process simulations, especially in the northern hemisphere where 40% of the land surface is influenced by seasonal snow. Of particular relevance, the first and strongest signs of global climate variability and change have been observed in northern regions over the past three decades which has led to a variety of strong climate related feedbacks such as winter extreme events (WEE). The increased occurrence of WEE has to be addressed in further detail for arctic and subarctic regions; however, a significant lack of field measurements in remote northern regions affects the climate models' performances while limiting the validation and development capacities of these models.