Polar field measurements of snow physical and radiometric properties for model improvement / Mesures des propriétés physiques et radiométriques de la neige des régions polaires

用于模型改进的雪物理和辐射特性的极地测量 / Mesures des proprietés phyques et radiométriques de la neige des régions polaires

• 批准号: 444875-2013
• 负责人: Langlois, Alexandre
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Northern Research Supplement
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=574994
• 关键词: Polar; field; measurements; snow; physical

Geophysical and thermophysical properties of snow are known to be sensitive to climate variability and change and are of primary importance for hydrological and climatological process simulations, especially in the northern hemisphere where 40% of the land surface is influenced by seasonal snow. Of particular relevance, the first and strongest signs of global climate variability and change have been observed in arctic and subarctic regions over the past three decades which has led to a variety of strong climate related feedbacks such as winter extreme events (WEE). The NSERC Northern Research Supplement (NSERC-NS) will complement the 'applied for' NSERC Discovery Individual Grant (NSERC-DG) of A. Langlois' proposal entitled 'Study of arctic and subarctic winter extreme events in a changing climate', as well as an 'applied for' NSERC Tools and Instruments Grant (NSERC-RTI) that will be used for the purchase of a snow-dedicated meteorological station. The main approach of the proposal herein is to capture and characterize WEE at 6 arctic and subarctic sites across Canada. The novelty of the proposed research is to address the longstanding issue of a lack of field measurements under WEE in remote northern regions, which affects the performance of climate models while limiting the validation and development capacities of these models. The NSERC-NS will partially cover fieldwork expenses in 6 remote sites: 1) James Bay, QC, 2) Churchill, MB, 3) Inuvik, NWT, 4) Baker Lake, NU, 5) Pingaluit National Park, QC and 6) Pond Inlet, NU. This grant is essential to the success of the research program of A. Langlois' NSERC-DG, which is based on field measurements and detection of WEE in arctic and subarctic regions. The data collected in these regions will allow the development of WEE satellite retrieval algorithms as well as improve climate scenarios through more accurate snow simulations.

雪的地球物理和热物理特性对气候变异性和变化敏感，对水文和气候过程模拟至关重要，特别是在北方半球，40%的陆地表面受到季节性雪的影响。特别相关的是，在过去三十年中，北极和亚北极地区观察到了全球气候变率和变化的第一个和最强烈的迹象，这导致了各种与气候有关的强烈反馈，如冬季极端事件。NSERC北方研究补助金（NSERC-NS）将补充“申请”NSERC发现个人补助金（NSERC-DG）的A。Langlois的提案题为“在不断变化的气候中研究北极和亚北极冬季极端事件”，以及“申请”NSERC工具和仪器赠款（NSERC-RTI），将用于购买一个雪专用气象站。本提案的主要方法是在加拿大的6个北极和亚北极地点捕获和描述WEE。拟议研究的新奇是解决长期存在的问题，即在偏远的北方地区缺乏WEE下的实地测量，这影响了气候模型的性能，同时限制了这些模型的验证和开发能力。NSERC-NS将部分支付6个偏远地点的实地工作费用：1）詹姆斯湾，QC，2）丘吉尔，MB，3）因纽维克，NWT，4）贝克湖，NU，5）平加卢伊特国家公园，QC和6）池塘入口，NU。这笔赠款是必不可少的研究计划的成功A。Langlois的NSERC-DG基于北极和亚北极地区WEE的现场测量和检测。在这些地区收集的数据将有助于开发WEE卫星检索算法，并通过更准确的降雪模拟来改善气候情景。