Architecture and Automation Techniques for Resilient Computer Systems

自现代计算诞生以来，缓解计算机系统故障一直是一项挑战，但现在许多因素正在汇聚，使得弹性(系统在由于制造缺陷或现场故障而出现故障的情况下运行的能力)现在成为一流的设计约束。半导体的规模化使得将计算机引入我们生活的方方面面成为可能。不幸的是，扩展使集成电路的导线和晶体管变得越来越小型化，也使它们越来越容易受到无数故障源的影响：小型、低功耗、高性能的设备往往容易出现缺陷，容易出现瞬时错误，并且容易受到性能下降和早期全面故障的影响。如果不解决弹性问题，由此产生的成本将限制新产品的推出，并危及信息技术经济所依赖的稳定增长。

Mitigating computer system failure has been a challenge since the dawn of modern computing, but a number of factors are now converging such that resilience (a system's capacity to operate in the presence of failure due to manufacturing defect or faults in the field) is now a first-class design constraint. Semiconductor scaling has made it possible to introduce computers into every aspect of our lives. Scaling, which makes the wires and transistors of integrated circuits increasingly miniature, unfortunately also makes them increasingly vulnerable to myriad sources of failure: small, low-power, high-performance devices tend to be defect-prone, susceptible to transient error, and vulnerable to performance degradation as well as early total breakdown. If resilience is not addressed, the resulting costs will limit the introduction of new products and jeopardize the steady growth on which the information technology economy depends.